Human Development Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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After noticing her 4-year-old brother having difficulty with a jigsaw puzzle, Rose helped him with the task by praising his successes and helping him recognize progress. From Vygotsky's perspective, this as an example of:
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guided participation
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Which of the following is a term associated with Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development?
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scaffolding
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The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called:
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fast-mapping
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Overregularization demonstrates a child's understanding of:
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grammar
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The term _____ refers to a person who is fluent in two languages, not favoring one over the other.
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balanced bilingual
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A key finding from research on early-childhood education programs is that:
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quality matters most
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Which child-centered approach to early-childhood education places the MOST emphasis on individual differences, neither requiring children to engage in prescribed learning activities nor using any large-group instruction?
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Montessori
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The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to:
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make all children "ready to learn."
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An example of a gross motor skill is:
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skipping
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Which of the following statements about left-handedness is TRUE?
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Although a genetic preference, left-handedness can be modified by experience.
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Which of the following is a central processor of memory, especially for locations?
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hippocampus
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Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child's assumption that the visible characteristics of an individual represents their true essence or nature?
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focus on appearance
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Vygotsky's term for the skills that a person can experience only with assistance and not yet independently is:
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zone of proximal development
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Which Vygotsky term refers to temporary support that is tailored to a learner's needs and abilities and is aimed at helping him or her master a new skill?
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scaffolding
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A young child who states that "butter is made by butterflies" and "birds grow birdseed" is trying to use:
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logical extension
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The practical use of language, which includes adjusting communication according to one's audience and the context in which it occurs, is called:
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pragmatics
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In 2011 in the United States, _____ percent of children entering kindergarten spoke a language other than English at home.
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15
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The results of a 2006 study of 5-year-olds in inner-city Milwaukee revealed that, compared with other children, children exposed to a Montessori program:
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were better at prereading and early math tasks.
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Montessori schools emphasize:
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individual pride and accomplishment
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In the United States, the MOST widespread early-childhood education program is:
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Head Start
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An undeveloped prefrontal cortex is partially responsible for _____ in young children.
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temper tantrums
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Which of the following is crucial for the expression and regulation of emotions
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limbic system
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The _____ is the brain structure that registers emotions, both positive and negative, especially fear.
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amygdala
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.An experimenter who begins with two equal balls of clay and then changes the shape of one is likely testing for conservation of
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matter
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Vygotsky's term for the skills that a person can experience only with assistance and not yet independently is:
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zone of proximal development
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As a hobby, Jessica and her husband work on car engines. Jessica doesn't always know what a particular part is, but she gets the general idea of what it does and usually places it in an appropriate mental category. This is an example of:
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fast-mapping
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The practical use of language, which includes adjusting communication according to one's audience and the context in which it occurs, is called:
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pragmatics
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Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through:
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play
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Child-centered programs recognize that children learn through play with other children. This is MOST consistent with the views of:
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vygotsky
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