Human Biology Chapter 1 (Scientific Method) – Flashcards
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Biology
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The scientific study of life.
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Organism
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A complex individual that consists of organ systems.
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Biosphere
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All of the ecosystems on the planet together.
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Population
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In a swamp, all of the alligators would represent a/an?
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Organisms are composed of multiple cells?
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False
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Ecosystem
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The region in which populations interact with each other and with the physical environment.
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Development
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All of the changes that occur from the time an egg is fertilized through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood
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Which of the following statements most correctly defines homeostasis? All living organisms are alike. Living organisms do not change much over time. Human beings and other animals acquire materials and energy when they eat food. It takes energy to maintain the organization of the cell. Cells and organisms must be able to maintain a fairly constant internal environment.
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Cells and organisms must be able to maintain a fairly constant internal environment.
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Viruses are not considered alive. Which of the following characteristics of living things do they lack? Living things reproduce. Living things have an evolutionary history. Living things grow and develop. Living things respond to stimuli. Living things acquire energy.
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Living things grow and develop. Viruses can reproduce in that they make copies of themselves and they do have an evolutionary history. Viruses do not grow and develop. They will respond to new stimuli and have the ability to acquire energy from the host cell.
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Four million years ago, horses were rather small compared to today's horses and had relatively stocky bodies with a straight shoulder and thick neck. This statement is an example of which biological concept?
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Evolution
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Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of all living things? Living things are organized. Living things acquire materials and energy. Living things contain a nucleus and organelles. Living things reproduce. Living things grow and develop.
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Living things contain a nucleus and organelles.
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The face of a sunflower turns to follow the sun as it moves across the sky. This is an example of? metabolism. homeostasis. response to stimuli. development. reproduction.
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Response to stimuli
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Choose the CORRECT order (1-5) of increasing complexity/organization. (1) tissues, (2) organ systems, (3) cells, (4) organs, (5) organism (1) cells, (2) organ systems, (3) tissues, (4) organs, (5) organism (1) tissues, (2) organs, (3) organ systems, (4) cells, (5) organism (1) cells, (2) tissues, (3) organs, (4) organ systems, (5) organism (1) organism, (2) organ systems, (3) organs, (4) tissues, (5) cells
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(1) cells, (2) tissues, (3) organs, (4) organ systems, (5) organism
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The process of change that produces the diversity of life on Earth is called? evolution. homeostasis. levels of organization. biological classification. molecular diversification.
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evolution
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The development of resistance of MRSA bacteria to antibiotics is an example of? homeostasis. metabolism. evolution. reproduction. organization.
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evolution
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Fish have scales that enable them to live in a water environment. This is an example of? homeostasis. adaptation. metabolism. development. cellular organization.
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adaptation
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The Domain Eukarya contain(s) ______ kingdom(s). one two three four five
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four The four kingdoms in Domain Eukarya include: plants, fungi, animals, and protists.
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Traditions, beliefs, and values are considered what aspect of human life? communicative cultural instructional biological chemical
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cultural
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The cell you are examining under the microscope appears to contain a nucleus. This organism belongs to the ____ domain. Bacteria. Archaea. Eukarya. Animalia. Fungi.
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Eukarya. Only domain Eukarya contains organisms that contain a nucleus. Animalia and Fungi are both kingdoms within the domain Eukarya.
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Which organisms are most closely related to humans? spiders earthworms parakeets meerkats snakes
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meerkats All of these are animals. Only snakes, parakeets, and meerkats are vertebrates. Only meerkats are mammals, therefore meerkats are most closely related to humans.
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Humans evolved from apes. True False
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False Today's apes are our evolutionary cousins. Humans did not evolve from apes.
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Only humans have a language that allows us to communicate information and experiences symbolically. True False
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True
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Humans clear forests to grow crops, and they build houses and cities. What are these an example of? how humans modify the biosphere how humans preserve ecosystems the high value humans place on biodiversity the positive impact of humans on life on Earth how humans do not need the rest of life on Earth
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how humans modify the biosphere
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Humans are part of the biosphere and must live in harmony with it if we are to survive as a species. True False
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True
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________ observations are supported by factual information while _______ observations involve personal judgment. Subjective/analytical Objective/analytical Objective/subjective Objective/hypothetical Subjective/theoretical
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Objective/subjective Objective observations are supported by factual information while subjective observations involve personal judgment.
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Which of the following statements is an objective observation? This milk tastes funny. This package is larger than that one. I like this picture. This mattress feels hard to me. I think I am going to be sick.
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This package is larger than that one.
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What is the unifying principle of the biological sciences? Technology Anatomy Biochemistry Taxonomy Evolution
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Evolution
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Where on the graph can you find the information that the graph pertains to? The x & y axis The x & z axis. The dot points that are connected by the lines of the graph. The top of each bar in a bar graph. The y & z axis.
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The x & y axis
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The tentative explanation to be tested is called a theory. a hunch. a hypothesis. the data. the conclusion.
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hypothesis
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Line graphs are used to depict the relationship between two quantities. True False
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True
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The information collected during the experiment or observation is called a theory. a hunch. the hypothesis. the data. the conclusion.
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the data.
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The general public needs to have an understanding of science in order to make informed decisions about the future of our species. True False
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True
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Which of the following statements would be considered anecdotal data? "I lost 21 lbs on the Atkins diet." Out of a study of 23 individuals, 12 participants lost between 15 and 22 pounds on the Atkins diet. The average weight loss for participants in the Atkins diet was 15 pounds in 8 weeks. The South Beach diet helped 27 people lose between 22 and 32 pounds over the course of 12 weeks. Participants who stayed on the South Beach Diet for a total of 12 weeks lost an average of 22 pounds.
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"I lost 21 lbs on the Atkins diet."
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Which of the following is not a basic theory of biology? Theory of ecosystems Cell theory Gene theory Theory of evolution Theory of gravity
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Theory of gravity
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Which study could be rejected on the grounds of testimonial data? A study about the effects of herbicide on Japanese beetles was conducted in the laboratory using a sample size of 20 beetles. A study about the effects of herbicide on Japanese beetles was conducted in Illinois using a 20 acre field as a study site. A study about the effectiveness of antacids in a study group of of 200 people who suffer from ulcers. A study about the impact zebra mussels have upon the Great Lakes. A study consisting of 200 test subjects who are interested in a new weight loss pill.
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A study about the effects of herbicide on Japanese beetles was conducted in the laboratory using a sample size of 20 beetles. Testimonial data are suspect because the effect of whatever is under investigation may not have been studied with a large number of subjects or a control group.
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The cause of stomach ulcers appears to be excess stomach acid. the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. drinking too much coffee. extreme stress. diets rich in meat products.
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the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
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Which of the following statements is a hypothesis? If a student buys a meal plan he/she will eat more vegetables. Ginny gained 5 lbs her freshman year. Blake failed the test. There are more calories in french fries than in colas. I like my biology class better than my other classes.
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If a student buys a meal plan he/she will eat more vegetables.
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A controlled study when neither the patient nor the examiner is aware of whether the patient is receiving a treatment, is called a/an statistical study. double-blind study. variable study. adaptive study. blind study.
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double-blind study.
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In an experiment designed to test the effect of temperature on goldfish respiration, the temperatures that were changed represent what type of variable? control responding experimental correlative placebo
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experimental The temperatures are being changed by the researchers and are called the experimental variables.
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If the control group in an experiment shows the same results as the test group, the treatment was successful. True False
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False If the control and test group show the same results, the treatment has no effect and the experiment is invalid.
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To make all subjects think they are receiving the same treatment, patients in the control group can receive a placebo. True False
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True
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One of the difficulties with publication of research in scientific journals is that it is technical and may be difficult for a layperson to read. is often out of context or misunderstood. is unverified and usually not referenced. displays bias. is designed to convince readers to purchase a product.
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is technical and may be difficult for a layperson to read.
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Which of the following URLs would you perhaps distrust in writing a scientific paper? .com .gov .edu .org Both .edu and .gov
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.com
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An important part of scientific research is repeatability. True False
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True
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The standard error tells how often the examiner made an error. how often the experimental variable was tested. the relationship between the control and test groups. whether or not the research has been published in a scientific journal. how uncertain a particular value is.
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how uncertain a particular value is.
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A probability value of less than 5% in a scientific study is acceptable. True False
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True This is acceptable, but keep in mind that the lower the p value, the less likely that results are due to chance.
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Which of the following is an example of correlation without causation? HPV can cause cervical cancer. Illegal drug use causes an increase in crime. Helicobacter pylori can cause ulcers. People who commit crimes also consume bread. Parents have children.
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People who commit crimes also consume bread.
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In a graph, the experimental variable is plotted on the x axis. y axis. x and y axis. z axis. x and z axis.
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x axis. The experimental variable is plotted on the x or horizontal axis.
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Choose the following interest group that should be held most responsible for the future roles of new scientific technologies. Scientists Politicians Clergy Educators Everyone
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Everyone
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In conducting a review of the literature on the Internet, which of the following sources would be the least reliable? The Centers of Disease Control The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation The National Institute of Health The Pasteur Institute Astrology and Medicine
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Astrology and Medicine
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After studying biology, it is hoped that you will become an animal rights activist. will be better able to make wise decisions regarding your own well being and the Earth's. will get a high paying job as a biologist. will understand all there is to know about humans and biology. will dislike anything to do with biology.
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will be better able to make wise decisions regarding your own well being and the Earth's.
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Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans. True False
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True Technology, the application of scientific knowledge, offers us ways to improve our lives.
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Scientists who have a financial stake in a company are now required to state that when they do research. This is an example of ethics in science. financial planning. a new business model. a biotechnology revolution. statistical significance.
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ethics in science.
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Which of the following statements explains the atomic bomb and the benefit of nuclear physics to cancer therapy? Science and technology are not risk free. Science and technology are wrong. Science and technology are good for mankind. Science and technology are value-neutral. Science and technology always provide value to people.
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Science and technology are not risk free. There are often risks and benefits to science and technology.
