Hot and Cold Therapy – Flashcards
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indications for the use of heat therapy
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inflammation, pain, joint stiffness, muscle spasms
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positive effects of local heat therapy
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increased blood flow, acceleration of the inflammatory process, promotion of soft tissue healing
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adverse effects of local heat therapy
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edema condition because of increased capillary permeability, burns, neorosensory impairment
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indications for the use of cold therapy
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traumatic injury, inflammation, muscle spasms, pain
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positive effects of local cold therapy
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vasoconstriction, helps to control bleeding, decreases swelling and inflammation, and pain after acute injury, decrease chronic pain in joints
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adverse effects of local cold therapy
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impaired circulation, cell deprivation, numbness, stiffness, and pallor
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temperature sensitive areas
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inner aspect of the wrist and forearm, the neck and perineal area
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systematic effects of heat therapy
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vast peripheral vasodilation occurs and this diverts blood from the internal organs; causing hypotension, lightheadedness and syncope
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systematic effects of cold therapy
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generalized vasoconstriction; causing increased blood pressure because blood is shunted from the periphery to the internal organs
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conditions that require precautions in use of thermal applications
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neosensory impairment, impaired mental status, impaired circulation
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rebound phenomenon
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occurs at the time of maximum therapeutic effect of the thermal applications and results in the opposite effect that is desired
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example of rebound phenomenon
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heat produces maximum vasodilation in approximately 20 minutes, continuing the application longer will bring tissue congestion and the blood vessels then constrict
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advantages of moist heat
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decreased dryness, softens exudate, penetrates deeply, no insensible fluid loss
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disadvantages of moist heat
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prolonged treatment leads to maceration, cools quickly, greater risk of burns (moisture conducts heat)
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advantages of dry heat
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less risk of burns, doesn't cause skin maceration, retains heat longer
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disadvantages of dry heat
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increased fluid loss, doesn't penetrate deeply, dries skin
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example of dry heat
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aquathermia pads, hot packs, heat lamps, electric heating pads, hot water bottles
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examples of dry cold
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ice bag, glove bag, cold packs
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examples of moist heat and cold
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compresses, warm or cold soaks, hyrocollator packs, sitz baths
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thermal therapy to entire body areas
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cooling sponge baths, whirlpool, hypothermia and hyperthermia blankets
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active warming
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forced-air convective warming
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conduction
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transmission of heat through a substance from a region of high temperature to a region of lower temperature without noticeable movement in the conducting of medium
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convection
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a process by which heat is transferred from one part of a fluid (or gas) to another by movement of the fluid itself
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core
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the thermal compartment of the body composed of highly perfused tissues where the temperature is uniform and high compared to the rest of the body
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hydrocollator
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steam heat packs filled with silicate gel that keeps them hot and moist; extremely hot; water is heated to 150-160 degrees
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hydrotherapy
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the use of water, ice, or steam ot maintain or restore health; includes full-body immersion, steam baths, saunas, and sitz baths
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malignant hyperthermia
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rapid onset of extremely high fever with muscle rigidity, precipated by exogenous agents in genetically susceptible persons
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paraffin bath
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dipping a body part in melted paraffin at a temperature of 126-130 degrees, building a paraffin glove that retains heat; used to treat arthritis, bruises, bursitis, gout and spasms
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postoperative shivering
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uncomfortable, rhythmic muscle contractions to maintain core temperature
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nonshivering thermogenesis
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increased heat production in response to cold stress by other than muscle contractions (shivering)
