Hope’s AP world history Unit 2 vocab – Flashcards
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4 Noble Truths
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Part of the Dharma of Buddhism 1. All life is suffering 2. Desire is the cause of suffering 3. Removing desire removes suffering 4. This may be done through the 8-fold path
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8-Fold Path
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Part of the Dharma of Buddhism # 4 of the 4 noble truths Right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration
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Achaemenids
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Persian empire overtaken by Seleucids
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Alexander of Macedon
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Rapid expanison throughout Mediterranean basin Invaded Persia successfully Respected and spread Greek culture throughout Persia Turned back in India when troops mutinied
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Analects
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Confucius's teachings Written by his disciples
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Anatolia
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Modern day Turkey Lydia was its capital
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Animism
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the belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself possess souls
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Ashoka
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Emperor of high point of Mauryan empire (r. 268-232 BCE) Expanded empire to include all of Indian subcontinent but south Better known as a ruler than a a conqueror Officially endorsed Buddhism
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Athens
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Political, commercial, and cultural center of Greek civilization Development of early democracy Fought Sparta and Sparta won
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Bactria
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Modern day Afghanistan Regional kingodm in NW India Linked China and Mediterranean region
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Brahma
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A Hindu god
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Brahmin
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Highest Caste Priests
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Buddha
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god of Buddhism (wasn't considered divine until Mahayana Buddhism)
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Buereaucrat
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an official of a bureacracy
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Carthage
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an ancient city-state in N Africa, near modern Tunis: founded by the Phoenicians in the middle of the 9th century b.c.; destroyed in 146 b.c. in the last of the Punic Wars
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Caste System
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From Aryan times Brahmins (priests), Kshatriays (warriors, aristocrats), Vaishayas (peasants, merchants), Shudras (serfs)
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Conscription
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A writing?
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Constantine
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Emperor of later Classical Rome
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Constantinople
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Capital of Rome founded by Constantine?
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Consuls
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2 presidents chosedn by arsitocrats in Classic Rome
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Cyrus
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Founder of Persian Achaemenid empire
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Daoism
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Criticized Confucianism Live in Harmony with nature Founded by Laozi Sacred book=Daodejing (classic of the way and of virtue) Doctrine of Wuwei
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Darius
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Emperor of persian Achaemenid empire at its peak
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Deforestation
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To clear forests of trees
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Desertification
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the processes by which an area becomes a desert. 2. the rapid depletion of plant life and the loss of topsoil at desert boundaries and in semiarid regions, usually caused by a combination of drought and the overexploitation of grasses and other vegetation by people.
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Dharma
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Part of Buddhism (composed of 4 noble truths and 8-fold path) In Hinduism, obedience to religous and moral laws
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Diaspora
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( usually initial capital letter ) the scattering of the Jews to countries outside of Palestine after the Babylonian captivity. 2. ( often initial capital letter ) the body of Jews living in countries outside Israel. 3. Any group that's been forced out of its traditional homeland
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diplomacy
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the conduct by government officials of negotiations and other relations between nations.
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Eunuch
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a castrated man, especially one formerly employed by Oriental rulers as a harem guard or palace official
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Filial Piety
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Patriarchal social order in classic China Subordination ot elder males
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Gaul
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Modern day France
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Han Wudi
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"Martial Emperor" 2 main policies: administrative centralization and imperial expansion Increased taxes fo fund public works Monopolized essential goods Legalist principles
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Hegemony
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leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others, as in a confederation. 2. leadership; predominance. 3. (especially among smaller nations) aggression or expansionism by large nations in an effort to achieve world domination.
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Huns
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White Huns were a nomadic group from Central Asia that helped bring about the fall of the Gupta Empire
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Jainism
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Religion of salvation in India Very ascetic and noviolent (ahisma) Rejected caste, jati distinctions
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Jati
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Guilds that acted as subcastes Enforeced social order (organized courts, resolved differences, etc.)
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Jesus
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THE SAVIOR OF THE WORLD!!!
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Julius Ceasar
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Names self dicator of Rome for life Centralized military Redistribution of land to war veterans, other allies Major building projects reduce urban unemployment Extended citizenship to provinces Assasinated by aristocrasts 44 BCE
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Legalism
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Classic China (Qin and Han dynasties) Strict punishment Collective responsibility for law Emphasis on development of state (ruthless, no concern for ethics, morality, or propriety) Discouraged anything other than agriculture and military
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Magi
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( sometimes lowercase ) the wise men, generally assumed to be three in number, who paid homage to the infant Jesus. Matt. 2:1-12. Compare Balthazar ( def. 1 ) , Caspar ( def. 1 ) , Melchior ( def. 1 ) . 2. ( sometimes lowercase ) the class of Zoroastrian priests in ancient Media and Persia, reputed to possess supernatural powers. 3. ( lowercase ) astrologers.
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Monastic
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of or pertaining to monasteries: a monastic library. 2. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of monks or nuns, their manner of life, or their religious obligations: monastic vows. 3. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a secluded, dedicated, or austere manner of living.
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Monsoons
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Spring/winter winds blow from SW; fall/winter winds blow from NW Helped allow maritime trade along silk roads
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Octavian Augustus
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Classic Rome emperor Julius's nephew Monarchy disguised as republic Increasing centralization
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Parthians
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Classical Persia empire
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Patricians
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Aristocrats, elite class that chose consuls, land owning nobles, members of powerful senate, classical Rome
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Patronage
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the control of or power to make appointments to government jobs or the power to grant other political favors. 4. offices, jobs, or other favors so controlled. 5. the distribution of jobs and favors on a political basis, as to those who have supported one's party or political campaign
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Pax Romana
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"Roman Peace" 27-250 CE Facilitated trade (safety), communication, and growth of arts and sciences
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Plebians
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commoners, free, threaten to leave, vs. patricians, classical Rome
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Polis
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City-state (like early Mesopotamian Civilizations) Classical Greece Composed of citizens (adult mens), free people (no rights), and non-citizens (slaves) Urban center, dominating surrounding rural areas
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Punjab
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Important city in India
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Qanat
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Classical Persia System of underground canals Avoided excessive loss to evaporation Need due to scarcity of water
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Reincarnation
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Being continuously born again
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Sanskrit
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an Indo-European, Indic language, in use since c1200 b.c. as the religious and classical literary language in India
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Satrapies
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Classical Persia 23 administrativce districs (~to states with governors)
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Seleucids
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Hellenistic empire Massive colonization of Greeks Export of Greek culture and values as far east as India
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Senate
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Part of Classic Rome Composed of Patricians
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Shamanism
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the animistic religion of northern Asia, embracing a belief in powerful spirits that can be influenced only by Shamans
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Founder of Buddhism/ the buddha (enligtened one)
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Sparta
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Classic Greece Agricultural and Highly Militarized
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Stoics
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Hellenistic philosophy Duty, virtue, and emphasis on inner peace
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Tribute
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a stated sum or other valuable consideration paid by one sovereign or state to another in acknowledgment of subjugation or as the price of peace, security, protection, or the like.
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Varna
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Hindu god Hinduism focuses on his various incarnations
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Veneration
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reverence
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Visigoths
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Nomadic group that settled on the edges of classic Rome and later, along with other Germanic people groups, took control of W. Roman empire
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Xerxes
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A more strict Persian emperor
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Xiongnu
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A nomadic people group who posed threats to ancient China
