Honors Chemistry study guide: Unit 1 Matter – Flashcards
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Matter
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Experiment
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A set of controlled observations that test a hypothesis
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Mass
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A measure that reflects the amount of matter
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Physical property
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A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition. Example: density, color, taste, hardness, and melting point
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Liquid
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A form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container.
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Homogeneous mixture
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One that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution
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Compound
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A chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and has properties different from those of its component elements
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liter
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The metric unit for volume equal to one cubic decimeter
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Celsius
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The metric unit of temperature measurement.
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Experimental value
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the value measured in the lab
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Chemistry
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The study of matter and the changes that it undergoes
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Independent variable
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In an experiment, the variable that the experimenter plans to change
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Volume
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the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object
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Chemical property
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The ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances
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gas
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A form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the container"s entire volume, and is easily compressed
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Solution
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A uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture
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Conservation of mass
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the principle stating that matter is not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
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Error
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The difference between an experimental value and an accepted value
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Kilogram
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The SI base unit for mass
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Kelvin
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The SI base unit of temperature
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Scientific method
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A systematic approach used in scientific study; an organized process used by scientists to do research and to verity the work of others
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Dependent variable
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In an experiment, the variable whose value depends on the independent variable
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Extensive property
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A physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present
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Physical change
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A type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition
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Vapor
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Gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid r a solid at room temperature
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Filtration
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A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid
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Accuracy
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Refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value
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Percent error
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The ration of an error to an accepted value
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Gram
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a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram
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Absolute zero
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Zero on the kelvin scale which represents the lowest possible theoretical temperature; atoms are all in the lowest possible energy state
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Observation
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the act of making and recording a measurement
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Theory
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An explanation supported by many experiments; is still subject to new experimental data, can be modified, and is considered valid if it can be used to make predictions that are proven true
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Intensive property
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A physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present
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Chemical change
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A process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction
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Mixture
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A physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties, can be separated by physical means
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Distillation
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A technique that can be used to physically separate most homogenous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances
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Precision
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Refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another; precise measurements show little variation over a series of trials but might not be accurate
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SI unit
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International System of Units
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Weight
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A measure or an amount of matter and also the effect of Earth's gravitational pull on that matter
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Density
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The amount of matt per unit volume; a physical property
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Hypothesis
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A tentative, testable statement or prediction about what has been observed
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Scientific law
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Describes a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments
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Pure substance
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a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties
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Solid
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A form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume, is incompressible, and expands only slightly when heated.
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Heterogeneous mixture
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One that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct
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Element
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A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
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Accepted value
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the correct value based on reliable references
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Meter
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The SI base unit for length
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Temperature
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A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
