HOMEWORK # 3 – Flashcards

Define: Falsifiable Give an example

Earth is located at one ____ of the Moon's orbit Define this term

According to Kepler's second law, Jupiter will be traveling most slowly around the sun when at _____ Define this term

The mathematical form of Kepler's third law measures the period in years and the _____ in astronomical units (AU) Define this term

According to Kepler's second law, Pluto will be traveling fastest around the Sun when at ______ Define this term

The extent to which Mars' orbit differs from a perfect circle is called its _______ Define this term

Tycho Brahe's contribution to astronomy included: A) Inventing the telescope B) Proving that Earth orbits the Sun C) Collecting data that enabled Kepler to discover the laws of planetary motion

Galileo's contribution to astronomy included: A) Discovering the laws of planetary motion B) Discovering the law of gravity C) Making observations and conducting experiments that dispelled scientific objections to the Sun-centered model

Consider Earth and the Moon. As you should now realize, the gravitational force that Earth exerts on the Moon is equal and opposite to that which the Moon exerts on Earth. Therefore, according to Newton's second law of motion __________ A) The Moon has a larger acceleration than Earth, because it has a smaller mass B) Earth has a larger acceleration than the Moon, because it has a larger mass C) The Moon and Earth both have equal accelerations, because the forces are equal

Suppose you are in an elevator. As the elevator starts upward, its speed will increase. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed, your weight will be __________ A) Greater than your normal weight at rest B) Equal to your normal weight at rest C) Less than your normal weight at rest

Suppose you are in an elevator that is moving upward. As the elevator nears the floor at which you will get off, its speed slows down. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with decreasing speed, your weight will be __________ A) Greater than your normal weight at rest B) Equal to your normal weight at rest C) Less than your normal weight at rest

Your weight will be greater than normal when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed. For what other motion would your weight also be greater than your normal weight? A) The elevator moves upward with constant velocity B) The elevator moves downward with constant velocity C) The elevator moves upward while slowing in speed D) The elevator moves downward while slowing in speed E) The elevator moves downward while increasing in speed

If you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure? A) Your mass B) The force you exert on the scale C) The gravitational force exerted on you by Earth

The light from Polaris travels through space in the form of ___ energy Define this term

Rapidly moving comets have more ____ energy than slowly moving ones Define this term

An apple contains _______ energy that your body can convert into other forms of energy Define this term

Nuclear fusion on starts converts some of the ___ energy of hydrogen nuclei into light and heat Define this term

Due to its much higher density, water heated to 80 degrees (Celsius) contains more ____ energy than air at the same temperature Define this term

An astroid that is moving farther from the Sun is gaining _____ energy Define this term

True or False: There is no gravity in space

As an interstellar gas cloud shrinks in size, its gravitational potential energy... A) Stays the same at all times B) Gradually transforms into other forms of energy C) Gradually grows larger

According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, what would happen to Earth if the Sun were somehow replaced by a black hole of the same mass? A) Earth would be quickly sucked into the black hole B) Earth would slowly spiral in to the black hole C) Earth's orbit would not change

Compared to its angular momentum when it is farthest from the Sun, Earth's angular momentum when it is nearest to the Sun is... A) The same B) Greater C) Less