question

During the Reformation A)the papacy was suspended for 35 years B)Christianity divided into Protestantism & Catholicism C)The Holy Roman Emperor regained all power that he had once held during the Middle Ages D)The Mongols conquered Europe

answer

B

question

Because of the Reformation A)Spain became Protestant B)John Calvin became the last non italian pope before john paul II C)France had bitter religious wars between Catholics & Protestants(Huguenots) D)After a brief Protestant interlude, England became firmly Catholic under Elizabeth I

answer

C

question

Of these early 16th century rulers, pick out the correct match of ruler & country A)Francis I-France B)Suleiman the Magnificent-England C)Henry VIII-Holy Roman Empire and Spain D)Charles V-Ottoman Empire

answer

A

question

The Habsburg-Valois wars A)led to a victory for France B)Led to victory for Charles V C)led to victory for Henry VIII D)were expensive,exhausting, & indecisive

answer

D

question

Warfare in the 16th century A)used a combination of muskets & pikes B)became so costly that it strained the resources of even the wealthiest monarchs C)saw all important developments in military administration to supply the growing armies D)all of the above

answer

D

question

The northern European intellectual often called the "Prince of Humanists" was A)Thomas Aquinas B)John Calvin C)Desiderius Erasmus D)Thomas More

answer

C

question

Eramus anticipated some of the ideas of the Reformation by his advocacy of A)a separation from the church of his day B)biblical reading for all Christians C)a greater devotion to the 7 sacraments D)the priesthood of all believers

answer

B

question

Martin Luther denounced indulgences because A)his concept of justification by faith meant to him that indulgences were useless for Christian salvation B)the princes of germany did not wish indulgences, & luther believed that he should back them C)Luther believed that the popes should have consulted him beforehand on the matter D)None of the above

answer

A

question

For Martin Luther the concept of Justification by faith meant A)that all sacraments were worthless B)that no christian should perform good works C)that christians were saved through the grace of god & not through their own efforts D)That only by living the life of a monk could one develop the faith necessary for salvation

answer

C

question

Luther's Protestantism was characterized by all of the following except A)the priesthood of all believers B)Emphasis on the individual's relationship to god C)Emphasis on reading the bible D)the establishment of a new religious hierarchy paralleling that of the catholic church

answer

D

question

Luther's ideas spread rapidly in the 16th century Europe A)b/c several important german princes adopted them in their realms B)b/c they offered a simple & elegant solution to the query-how do i know that i am saved? C)b/c printing presses produced numerous widely read pamphlets permitting many people to pick up Luther's ideas easily & quickly D)all of the above

answer

D

question

The Protestant Reformation A)had no real effect on German peasants;they simply followed the lead of the princes & cities that supported the Reformation B)was strongly opposed by the peasantry, whose strong traditionalism led to the defense of all old religious habits even though peasant understanding of religious doctrine was minimal C)led peasants,already upset by inflation & escalating payments to landowners, to adopt strong protests couched in terms reflecting Lutheran ideas on scripture D)led the german nobility to take greater concern over the worsening economic plight of the peasants

answer

C

question

The peace of Augsburg in 1555 A)established the Lutheran church in germany as an alternative to the catholic church B)meant the triumph of Charles V over the german princes C)permitted the pope to regain some of the authority he had lost in germany b/c of the reformation D)meant the end of the catholic church in germany

answer

A

question

The early leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, a contemporary of Luther, was A)Erasmus B)Zwingli C)Calvin D)Ignatius Loyola

answer

B

question

Luther & Zwingli agreed on most of their religious beliefs but differed bitterly over A)the interpretation of the Eucharist B)the need for reading Scripture C)the priesthood of all believers D)the uselessness of indulgences

answer

A

question

The Antibaptists of the 16th century A)appealed primarily to the upper middle class of German cities B)undertook a radical revolution in the Netherlands, led by Ulrich Zwingli C)Sided w/ the papacy in the Reformation D)Rejected infant baptism in favor of adult baptism

answer

D

question

The French Scholar whose teachings on the Reformation appealed to many of the well to do throughout Europe was A)Machiavelli B)Calvin C)Menno Simmons D)Melchior

answer

B

question

The theological doctrine most commonly associated w/ calvin was A)Predestination B)Justification by faith C)7 Sacraments D)Priesthood of all believers

answer

A

question

Calvin's success as a Reformer is best explained by A)His ability to cooperate w/ Reform minded princes B)the extreme unpopularity of the papacy in Geneva C)his ability to establish a church organization that could survive where the civil authorities were hostile D)none of the above

answer

C

question

Henry VIII of England A)strongly supported the Reformation from the beginning B)Expected papal approval of his annulment of his marriage w/ Catherine of Aragon b/c popes had traditionally deferred to kings in these matters C)Was forced by Parliament to undertake the Reformation D)None of the Above

answer

B

question

The "Act of Supremacy" A)was rejected by the English Parliament B)Declared Henry VIII to be the "Supreme head of the Church of England" w/out actually making that church Protestant C)Was strongly opposed by Anne Boleyn D)Declared justification by faith to be a doctrine on all the Englishmen

answer

B

question

The significance of the short reign of Edward VI was that A)it was during this period,rather than during the reign of Henry VIII,that England really became Protestant B)though dying young,Edward left a daughter,Elizabeth I, to maintain the Protestant tradition in England C)John Calvin became so impressed by the Reformation in England that he settled there D)England was dominated by Edward's mother,Anne Boleyn

answer

A

question

The best description of Elizabeth I's religious policy is that A)a strong Calvinist, she reorganized the church of england along the lines of the institutes of the Christian Religion B)As a moderate Protestant,she opposed Catholics,but permitted all Protestants to worship together even if they had different doctrinal beliefs C)As a strong supporter of the church of england, she persecuted not only catholics but also those protestants who did not share her doctrinal beliefs D)As the real originator of the Puritan movement, by the time of her death she left the english church in doctrinal & disciplinary chaos

answer

B

question

In the period of the Reformation, the Catholic Church A)virtually dissolved not to be reconstituted or a century & a half B)Undertook its own Reformation spearheaded by rigorous religious scholarship in Spain & by new religious orders such as the Jesuits C)Adopted most Protestant doctrines but retained the supremacy of the pope D)None of the above

answer

D

question

The Jesuits A)were a vigorous Catholic religious order that acted in the vanguard of the Catholic Reformation B)Were a Protestant society that tried to spread Lutheranism in countries where the princes supported Catholicism C)Were the last of the Medieval knightly Crusader orders, suppressed during the Reformation D)None of the above

answer

A

question

The Council of Trent,the Spanish Inquisition, & the mysticism of Teresa of Avila were all part of A)the Renaissance B)the Catholic Reformation C)the Lutheran Reformation D)the Crusades

answer

B

question

The council of Trent A)decided that each German prince could decide what type of Christianity should prevail in his domain B)Reached an agreement between Luther, Zwingli & Calvin over Protestant doctrine C)was held to end the Habsburg-Valois wars D)defined Catholic doctrine during the Reformation

answer

D

question

In attempting to define Catholic beliefs during the Reformation era,the Council of Trent declared A)that there were 8 sacraments, 6 more than the # acknowledged by Luther B)that the sale of indulgences be continued,though the occasions of the sale be restricted C)insisted that both faith & good works were essential for salvation D)All of the above

answer

C

question

The importance of Teresa of Avila, the Inquisition & Philip II in the Catholic Reformation A)show that Spain was a major center of the Catholic Reformation B)Shows that the Council of Trent was a failure C)shows that Italy had become Protestant D)shows that England remained Catholic

answer

A

question

The 16th century king was most closely associated w/ the Counter-Reformation was A)Charles V B)Henry II C)Francis I D)Philip II

answer

D

question

The wars of Religion A)involved France,Spain,the Dutch & Germany B)led to a series of major Catholic victories, nearly destroying Protestantism C)led to a series of Protestant victories, nearly destroying Catholicism D)None of the above

answer

A

question

During the French Wars of Religion A)the French nobility became strongly anti-Protestant B)there was a major massacre of French Protestant leaders on St. Batholomew's Day, August 24, 1572 C)Catherine de Medici took advantage of the chaos to usurp the French throne D)All of the above

answer

B

question

The religious wars in France ended b/c A)Catherine de Medici, the real cause of the war died B)the St. Bartholomew's day massacre killed so many French Protestants that the movement collapsed C)Henry of Navaree, a Protestant survivor of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre became Catholic, satisfying most of his subjects D)the pope, who had been the real cause of the wars,was succeeded by a more tolerant & pacific pontiff

answer

C

question

Philip II of Spain A)tried to suppress Calvinism in the Netherlands through the "Tribunal of Blood" B)Found that the Dutch war diverted his attention from his attempt to defeat the Turks in the Mediterranean C)Launched the Spanish Armada against England to punish Elizabeth I for supporting a Protestant rebellion in the Netherlands D)All of the above

answer

D

question

The 30 years' war began A)when Philip II sent the Spanish Armada against England B)when Charles V deliberately broke the Peace of Augsburg C)When a Protestant religious revolt against the Catholic Habsburgs began in Bohemia D)none of the above

answer

C

question

After the Reformation A)few people suffered religious anxiety b/c both Protestantism & Catholicism claimed to provide clear answers for the troubled soul B)there was forged,especially in Protestant countries, a strong link between education & work C)the ideals & practices of marriage did not change b/c Luther was a traditionalist on these matters D)All of the above

answer

C

question

The major political problem in the Holy Roman Empire that permitted a religious revolt in Bohemia to escalate into the 30 years' war was A)that by law,the title of Emperor passed from a Catholic prince to a Protestant Prince & back to a Catholic prince, etc B)that the 7 electors who chose the Emperor were split,3 Protestant,& the 7th was the King of Bohemia whose control was therefor necessary for the Habsburg to maintain their position as Emperor C)the Bohemian rebels favor the king of France, who therefore threatened to end the Habsburg monopoly of the imperial throne D)the chaos resulting from the Bohemian insurrection threatened to permit the pope to name the next emperor,something that no German prince whether Catholic or Protestant desired

answer

B

question

the 30 years war ended b/c A)Ferdinand II totally defeated the Protestants in Germany B)Gustavus Adolphus made himself the 1st Protestant Holy Roman Emperor C)All sides were exhausted w/ the most important rulers & generals on each side dead D)The Bohemian revolt at long last succeeded after 30 years

answer

C

question

Europeans desired many products from Asia.Choose the incorrect product A)Pepper B)silk C)Tobacco D)Fine Carpets

answer

C

question

The Venetian who traveled to China & who wrote a book of his experiences was A)Marco Polo B)Vasco da Gama C)Prester John D)Christopher Columbus

answer

A

question

The great ancient Greek geographer,Ptolemy,provided early explorers w/ their ideas about the world but he made some major & misleading errors.Choose the correct error A)he though the world was flat shaped like a plate B)he overestimated the size of the land area of the world & underestimated the overall size of the earth by about 1/6 C)he believed that longitude & latitude were useless in exploration D)he believed that the tropical oceans were so hot that no ship could sail them

answer

B

question

A major reason for European exploration was A)to determine whether the earth was round or flat by looking for its edge B)to prove the ptolemy's idea of the size of the earth was wrong C)to establish a direct trade route w/ the sources for silks & spices & bypass Islamic middlemen D)to test their new ships,sails & navigational equipment

answer

C

question

The first European country to undertake exploration was A)Germany B)Russia C)Spain D)Portugal

answer

D

question

Portuguese exploration accomplished all of the following except A)Rounding Africa to reach India B)Discovering Prester John C)Establishing a string of outposts to control the spice trade D)Striking a dramatic blow to the Moslem economy by challenging its shipping monopoly in the Indian Ocean

answer

B

question

European exploration was made easier by A)the collapse of Islamic empires B)the great success of the crusades C)improved ships sails & navigational equipment D)all of the above

answer

C

question

Christopher Columbus A)made only one voyage to the New World B)was an excellent administrator of the lands he discovered doing so well that he died rich C)always believed that he had arrived on the outskirts of Asia not far from the great & wealthy Asian empires D)All of the above

answer

C

question

Sevastien Elcano completed the voyage around the world commenced by the following explorer who was killed in a local war in the Philippines A)Vasco Nunez de Balboa B)Bartholomeu Dias C)Henry the Navigator D)Ferdinand Magellan

answer

D

question

All of the following were true of Norther European exploration in the 16th & 17th centuries except A)the Cabots found huge #'s of cod but their voyage was considered a failure b/c it neither reached Asia nor returned w/ spices B)their explorations,the french,dutch & english agreed to abide by the restrictions agreed to by spain & portugal in the treaty of tordesillas C)the dutch fought the portuguese in the indian ocean & took over the latter's monopoly of the spice trade D)an important part of this exploration was a search for a passage through N. America

answer

B

question

The new world agriculture developed in Central Mexico around 5500 BC spread slowly b/c A)it was difficult for crops to spread north & south b/c different latitudes yield different growing seasons B)nearby hunting tribes resented agriculture as a threat to their traditional way of life C)the principle crops maize & beans were very hard to grow D)all of the above

answer

A

question

The principle native american empires on the eve of european exploration were A)the mayas & iroquois B)the aztecs & incas C)the cherokees & incas D)the sioux & mayas

answer

B

question

The potato became the agricultural basis of incan civilization because A)it grew in the high mountains permitting enough food for a dense population in what otherwise would have been an inhospitable environment B)once planted potatoes needed little care permitting people to undertake great building projects C)potatoes could be dried for long term storage reducing the possibility of famine D)all of the above

answer

D

question

Cortez & pizarro were able to conquer the aztec & the inca empires b/c A)the religious beliefs of the Aztecs & incas inclined them to pacifism B)the spainards outnumbered their opponents by at least 2 to 1 C)the spainards possessed guns & steel weapons & were partially immune to the diseases that devestated the indian population D)all of the above

answer

C

question

the major reason for the brutal spanish treatment of the indians in the new world was A)indian refusal to become christian B)the need for labor to raise crops & extract precious metals from the mines C)to satisfy a 16th century spanish thirst for dominance D)none of the above

answer

B

question

African slavery in America was based on raising cash crops for export.several crops were raised by slave labor but the outstanding crop was A)tobacco B)rice C)cotton D)sugar

answer

D

question

sugar growers in the new world turned to africa as a slave source b/c A)the great decline in the # of indians made columbus's suggestion of enslaving indians impractical B)africans had a greater resistance to european diseases that the indians & could survive in larger #'s C)some african chiefs found that they could profit enormously through this trade D)all of the above

answer

D

question

Christian missionaries to Asia A)failed to achieve any conversions to Christianity B)often tended to present Christianity in native forms w/ priests dressed as Buddhists in Japan Brahmins in India Confucians in China C)Adapted the same haughty attitude toward local customs as they did in American D)Enslaved Asians in the same way that they enslaved Native Americans

answer

B

question

Christian missionaries to the New World A)ordained as priests only persons of indian african & mixed ancestry B)emphasized conversion of Africans rather than of Native Americans C)by & large failed to convert Native Americans D)were aided by the claim of Juan Diego to have seen the Virgin of Guadalupe

answer

D

question

As a result of European exploration Christian missionaries A)except for Pedro Claver & a few others paid more attention to converting Native Americans than to converting Africans B)never complained about Spanish mistreatment of Indians C)traveled to japan but not to china D)all of the above

answer

A

question

The major reason for the great inflation of the 16th century seems to be A) the consequences of the Bubonic Plague B)the disruptions caused by the Mongol invasions C)the great influx of silver from the New World D)the greed of 16th century merchants

answer

C

question

In the "Commercial Revolution" of the 16th century, all of the following occurred except A)Government reduced trade barriers & economic regulation B)there was a major inflation C)a commercial capitalism complete with joint stock companies developed D)European markets expanded enormously as a result of exploration

answer

A

question

The basic principle of Mercantilism was A)that international commerce could be greatly expanded by major international economic cooperation B)That all matters of trade should be left to private, individual interests rather than to government dictation C)That the amount of the world's wealth was fixed so that one country could increase its trade & manufacturing only at the expense of others D)None of the above

answer

C

question

All of the following were mercantilistic policies pursued by governments except A)forbidding imports of luxury goods b/c their purchase drained gold & silver away from the mother country B)Encouraging high wages to increase national purchasing power C)Founding colonies to create markets for national products D)Enacting laws to insure favorable balances of trade

answer

B

question

The influx of gold & silver into europe during the 16th century A)permitted major tax relief for spanish taxpayers B)Permitted great profits for Italian & German merchants C)Led Spanish kings to engage in so many expensive wars that Spain suffered repeated bankruptcies D)None of the above

answer

C

question

Work roles in the 16th century were redefined b/c A)the use of tobacco made the workplace unhealthy B)work began to lose its association w/ the family & b/c more linked to the public political arena leading to fewer work opportunities & less economic influence for women C)The growth of trade & exploration led to a shortage of men, permitting greater opportunities for women D)large numbers of African slaves were imported into Europe increasing unemployment among Europeans

answer

B

question

Between 1550 & 1700 Europeans states A) relied on the spanish, turkish & chinese navies to suppress piracy in their respective areas of influence B)often commissioned individuals as "privateers" to raid the shipping of competing nations often w/out engaging in a formal war C)systematically tried to suppress piracy throughout the world D)None of the above

answer

B

question

The spread of European culture often resulted in A)the creation of a class of mestizos persons of mixed european and Indian ancestry B)widespread planting of wheat where it had not been planted before C)the spread of dandelions a europe weed D)all of the above

answer

D

question

European exploration led to the import of many new agricultural products.pick out the incorrect crop from the list A)wheat B)Potatoes C)Coffee D)Tobacco

answer

A

question

The tale of Maria Sybilla Merian tells us the following about both scientific interest & the New World A)how a woman of talent & curiosity could be frustrated by a radical religious sect such as the Labadists B)why so many persons of scientific talent had so little interest in the New World C)How previously unknown plants & animals of the New World could stimulate the discipline of Natural History D)the impossibility for a 16th century woman to have an opportunity to study the plants & animals of the New World in their original settings

answer

C

question

Europeans exploration led to major developments in map making including the famous map projection that permitted sailors to plot straight line courses a projection developed by A)ptolemy B)mercator C)merian D)vespucci

answer

B

question

During the 17th century A)several monarchies became absolute B)the english monarchy remained tranquil not having to face any revolutionary movement C)the russian monarchy collapsed utterly D)no constitutional monarch survived the crisis of the century

answer

A

question

The traditional society of 17th century europe A)was overthrown in revolution B)was destroyed by the pressure put upon by absolute monarchs C)was based on the hierarchy of ranks & subranks that covered everyone from the highest to the lowest D)believed that all men (but not all women) were created equal

answer

C

question

17th century rural life was characterized by A)low taxes paid to the government B)poverty disease & famine C)early marriages & numerous & healthy children D)none of the above

answer

B

question

Kings in the 17th century faced all of the following except A)a great increase in the cost of war B)resistance to royal authority by major aristocrats C)a violent popular movement for a republican form of government D)the desire by towns & by provincial officials to maintain their authority in local matters

answer

C

question

The roots of French royal absolutism were laid in the days of A)James I B)Suleiman the Magnificent C)Peter the Great D)Henry IV

answer

D

question

The Cardinal de Richelieu A)became king of france deposing Louis XIII B)strengthened royal authority by curbing the powers of the nobility & the Huguenots (french Protestants) C)Used his influence with Louis XIIII to have himself elected pope D)won the gratitude of French peasants by his peaceful low tax policies

answer

D

question

Cardinal Jules Mazarian A)successfully reasserted royal authority that had been badly shaken by the mid 17th century rebellion known as the fronde B)was executed by orders of Louis XIV when the latter became old enough to rule by himself C)virtually ruled france in the reign of Louis XIII D)by his religious intolerance started the 30 years war

answer

A

question

The Great Palace of Versailles A) took 43 years to construct B) was used as the seat of the French government C)set such pattern of royal splendor that other European monarchs soon copied it D)All of the above

answer

D

question

It can be said of the reign of Louis XIV A)That it became the model of absolute monarchy but was disfigured by high taxes & growing misery caused by expensive wars B)that it ended in a major revolution that made France a constitutional monarchy C)That it was an era of peace and low taxation D)That French culture nearly collapsed due to the negligence of the virtually illiterate monarch

answer

A

question

Jean-Baptiste Colbert was known for A)Freeing French industry from minute government regulations B)Giving France a European reputation for the quality of its products C)Virtually bankrupting France by his increase of royal expenses D)Dominating the government by means of his high noble birth

answer

B

question

The "Age of Louis XIV" saw all of the following except A)A major flowering of French literature & theater B)A development in the visual arts, moving from Baroque to Classical style C)Attempts, though unsuccessful, to promote industry & increase exports through government subsidy & regulation D)An attempt to increase social equality by curbing the privileges of the nobility

answer

D

question

The wars of Louis XIV A)Were fought primarily against the Huguenots B)Bed to the French conquest of Britain C)Were so expensive that they left France with a legacy of high taxes & increased poverty D)Were fought to secure the independence of the Dutch from Spain

answer

C

question

Eastern Europe differed sharply from Western Europe in the 17th century in many ways including A)There were fewer nobles & greater social equality B)The towns were far wealthier C)Except for Russia, all the monarchies were absolute D)The peasants of Eastern Europe tended to be serfs rather than free

answer

D

question

In which of these Eastern Europeans countries did royal or princely power decline rather then increase A)Russia B)Poland C)Austria D)Brandenburg-Prussia

answer

B

question

Frederick William, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg-Prussia succeeded because A)He freed the serfs, thus undermining an overly powerful nobility B)He prevailed over the Estates, raised a strong army and gave nobles greater control over the serfs C)He promoted town growth to serve as a balance against noble power D)None of the above

answer

B

question

The most important accomplishment of Austria in the 17th Century under Leopold I was A)The defeat of the Ottoman Turks & the conquest of Hungary B)The conquest of Poland C)The construction of the great palace of Versailles D)The imposition of Protestantism in his domains

answer

A

question

Before the reign of Peter the Great, Russia A)Had a very weak monarchy B)Abolished serfdom C)Established a tradition of strongly autocratic monarchy D)Conquered Poland

answer

C

question

Peter the Great made Russia a European power by his defeat of A)Sweden B)Austria C)Spain D)France

answer

A

question

In his policies, Peter the Great of Russia did all of the following except A)Introduce Western customs into Russia bringing women out of seclusion B)Travel to Western Europe to learn about politics & technology C)Wage a series of wars that made Russia a European power D)Introduce a constitutional monarchy into Russia

answer

D

question

The Mughal Empire A) Was located in India B)Had Moslem rulers C)Disintegrated after 1707 D)All of the above

answer

D

question

17th Century Poland A)Became a monarchy as absolute as that of Russia B)Had a flourishing commerce C)Was so dominated by its nobility that no strong centralized monarchy arose there D)Greatly expanded its territories at the expense of Russia and Austria

answer

C

question

The English Puritans A)Wanted to overthrow the Church of England B)Wished to purify not only the church of england but also daily life by outlawing theaters cock fighting and other "frivolous" activities C)Reunited Protestant and Catholic churches D)Strongly advocated submission to the will of the monarch

answer

B

question

During the 17th century the English monarchy A)imitated closely the absolute monarchy of France B)Imposed Catholicism on England C)Lost control of Scotland D)Saw its power weakened because of 2 revolutions

answer

D

question

During the reign of James I A)the monarch renounced the idea of Divine Right of kings B)The king successfully resolved the Puritan problem C)the colonies of virginia and plymouth were established D)None of the above

answer

C

question

Charles I of England did all of the following except A)Marry a Catholic princess sister of the king of France B)Engage in expensive and fruitless wars C)disband Parliaments when the members demand concessions D)Persecute the Puritans

answer

B

question

The Civil War in England A)Resulted in the destruction of Parliament by Charles I B)Saw complete social equality established in England by the Levelers C)Saw no women serve as soldiers D)Resulted in a Parliamentary victory over Charles I who was captured

answer

D

question

The Levelers in England during the English Civil War A)managed to seize control of the parliament B)Believed in the total equality of men and women C)Advocated that parliament be elected by all male heads of households and that the members be paid D)Were not perceived as threats to the right of property ownership

answer

C

question

The trial of Charles I by the English Parliament was of grand significance because A) the heart of the matter was whether the king was subject to the laws of parliament and had broken them or whether a king who ruled by divine right could ever be charged by a subordinate body B)It raised the issue of freedom of the press when newspapers which had started to spring up during the english civil war were not permitted to cover the trial C)The real issue was whether the Stuarts as Scots had the right to succeed to the english throne D)The reformation itself was at stake the maintenance of Protestantism or the restoration of Catholicism

answer

A

question

In english history the commonwealth refers to A)the period after the execution of Charles I when Oliver Cromwell ruled B)the period when the monarchy was restored under Charles II C)the period of the Reformation D)the period of the Hundred Years' war

answer

A

question

Cromwell's political power in england was based on A)His control of the army with the resulting military dictatorship B)His ability to play king and parliament against each other C)his blatant amoral irreligious oppurtunism D)none of the above

answer

A

question

In his political treatise, the Leviathan Thomas Hobbes argued A)that human beings once lived in a benevolent state of nature & that this state can be reconstituted B)That it is possible to reconcile the idea of sovereignty in which the people have the right to rule, with that of absolute monarchy C)that because of defects in human nature only monarchy unrestricted by popular opinion could exist D)that the idea of popular sovereignty precludes hereditary absolute monarchy

answer

B

question

The english king restored in 1660 was A)Charles II B)James II C)William II D)George II

answer

A

question

Samuel Papys A)was a noted english political philosopher of the 17th century who wrote extensively on popular sovereignty B)Was a 17th century english puritan who after the collapse of the Commonwealth wrote the Pilgrim's Progress C)Was a lesser government official in Restoration England who kept a diary that reveals much about the politics and the society of that time D)Was a close friend of Issac Newton and himself prominent in the English scientific world

answer

C

question

Charles II of England A)Succeeded in destroying parliament making himself an absolute monarch B)Had some of the fiscal problems of his predecessor and was suspected of having Catholic sympathies C)was overthrown and executed in a revolution that had eerie parallels to the revolution that destroyed his father D)none of the above

answer

B

question

The Glorious Revolution of England A)Led to William of Orange coming to the English throne B)Was caused in part by the Catholic policies of James II C) Led to the reduction of Ireland to a virtual colonial status D)all of the above

answer

D

question

John Locke, in his Second Treatise of Government A)agreed with Hobbes that people for their own security must turn over their sovereignty to the monarch B)Argued that the people had made a contract with the king and could depose the monarch if his broke the contract C)Argued that the Glorious Revolution was illegal and that James II was the rightful king of England D)Argued that landless men and women were included in the "people" who had sovereignty

answer

B

question

The Dutch Republic in the 17th Century was noted A)for its political instability B)for its fierce persecution of religious minorities C)For its prosperity and religious toleration D)for its strong support of Spanish policies

answer

C

question

The dutch were able to maintain their tradition of local sovereignty when most successful states of the 17th century were developing strong central government because A)the nobility was extremely wealthy and proud and did not want a king or any central government over them B)They were able to exclude religious dissenters from their small state so that their was no organized minority that had to be controlled by centralized force C)the great prosperity of the dutch in the 17th century moderated any pressure to impose a strong authority from above D)because the african slave trade was an important source for dutch prosperity there was fear that a strong central government might abolish this lucrative business

answer

C

question

The Scientific Revolution A) began in china and spread to europe B)was based on scholastic philosophy C)resulted in a major change in how people viewed the universe and the role of humans within it D)was hostile to the enlightenment

answer

C

question

The traditional view of the universe A)was the result of Greek science B)was the result of the spread of ignorance stemming from the fall of the Roman Empire C)was the result of the spread of chinese views of the universe in europe D)none of the above

answer

A

question

The traditional view of the universe was undermined by A)the hermetic doctrine that all matter from plants to the sun contained the divine spirit B)the upsetting of Ptolemaic geography by the process of exploration C)the printing press which permitted more ideas to be published and to be spread more rapidly D)all of the above

answer

D

question

The religious attitude of most early scientist was A)that they were investigating the universe created by god B)a strong skepticism caused by their scientific observations C)a revived paganism caused by their admiration for classical antiquity D)a growing interest in oriental philosophy

answer

A

question

Nicolas Copernicus is best known A)As the first scientist to reject the Hermetic tradition and neo Platonic philosophy B)as the first person to use a telescope to observe the universe C)as the first modern thinker to posit that the earth revolved around the sun D)as the first person to publish a detailed treatise on how gravity operates

answer

C

question

Copernicus's astronomical views A)were ignored by contemporaries B)were rejected by Tycho Brahe the greatest observational astronomer of the 16th century C)were quickly adopted by the protestant Reformation D)none of the above

answer

B

question

Tycho Brahe A)was a french peasant who became a great astronomer B)did not accept the Copernican system but did reject the Aristotelian belief that the heavens were composed of crystalline spheres C)was the first astronomer to use a telescope D)None of the above

answer

B

question

Johannes Kepler A)showed that science and religion were incompatible B)rejected the Copernican hypothesis on astronomical grounds C)made important astronomical observations with a telescope D)Offered the first real proof of the copernican hypothesis by discovering 3 laws of planetary motion

answer

D

question

Galileo Galilei A)Denounced Copernicus's astronomical ideas B)achieved so much fame in science that he was elected pope C)was the assistant to copernicus D)Was the first person to view the heavens with a telescope

answer

D

question

Many scientists believe that Galileo's greatest contribution was not his telescopic observations but A) his development of physical laws that overturned Aristotle's physics B)his support of neo platonic philosophy C)His proof of the effects of gravity D)none of the above

answer

A

question

The scientist who discovered the laws of gravitational attraction was A)Paracelsus B)Copernicus C)Newton D)Einstein

answer

C

question

Newton made many important scientific discoveries the most important of which was A)The circulation of the blood B)the discovery of the satellites of Jupiter C)the discovery of how gravitation holds the universe together D)the invention of the microscope

answer

C

question

The work of Paracelsus, Vesalius, Harvey and Boyle demonstrated A)that the physics of Newton was incomplete and needed correction B)that by no means was the intellectual world of Europe ready to accept the Scientific Revolution C)that science was progressing not only in physics and astronomy but also in medicine anatomy and chemistry D)that the religious world had fully accepted the new science

answer

C

question

The importance of Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes in the Scientific Revolution stems from A)their work with Robert Boyle on the foundations of modern chemistry B)their ideas on observation experimentation and mathematics helped establish the methodology of science C)their astronomical observations confirmed Newton's work D)Their outspoken protest against the Inquisition's condemnation of Galileo

answer

B

question

"I think therefor I am" was said by A)Bacon B)Galileo C)Newton D)Descartes

answer

D

question

Scientific ideas were spread A)by private societies of scientists only B)by royal and princely societies only C)by a combination of private and princely societies D)Without any attempt to organize scientific research and dissemination

answer

C

question

By the end of the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th Centuries A)new technology developed by scientists had transformed European ways of life B)Science claimed precedence over religion in explaining the material world C)scientific progress virtually ended not to be resumed until the middle of the 19th century D)All of the above

answer

B

question

During the Enlightenment A)There was considerably less interest in science than in the preceding century B)Enlightenment thinkers excluded women from all scientific and philosophical discussion C)Enlightenment writers consistently advocated violent revolution in the name of science D)Science was popularized in numerous books written for general audiences

answer

D

question

Enlightenment thinkers admired the psychology of John Locke who argued that A) Humans were subconsciously influenced by the combined forces of the ego superego and id B) the human mind was blank at birth and thus schools and social institutions should mold the individual from childhood to adulthood C)that the human mind was highly programmed from birth virtually negating the idea of free will D)that all humans were born with an innate moral sense and that it was unnecessary to teach morality

answer

B

question

the ideas of Pierre Bayle and David Hume demonstrated A)the science and religion were clearly incompatible B)that the enlightenment was moving in a skeptical direction challenging scriptural authority and religious beliefs C)That not all enlightenment thinkers believed in religious toleration D)that the best enlightenment thinkers did not frequent the salons

answer

B

question

Which of the following was not characteristic of the Enlightenment A)a firm conviction that human reason should determine the understanding of the world and the rules of social life B)it had a great amount of influence on European and American elites C)the popularization of science D)it was dominated by italian and spanish thinkers

answer

D

question

The travel writings of Montesquieu and Voltaire together with history writing that emphasized the idea of progress showed which aspect of the enlightenment A)a broadening criticism of authority and tradition B)the spread of Newtonian science C)the adoption of John Locke's psychology of knowledge D)none of the above

answer

A

question

According to the text the French writers or philosophes were best represented by A)Voltaire B)Paracelsus C)Descartes D)Franklin

answer

A

question

At the height of the Enlightenment the philosophes did all of the following except A)urge greater religious toleration over the objections of religious authorities B)Urge the violent revolutionary overthrow of government and society C)urge that cruel and unusual punishments and irregular criminal procedures be abolished D)urge the lessening of government regulation of the economy

answer

B

question

By publishing his Treatise on Tolerance Voltaire showed an affinity with the ideas of A)Paracelsus B)Descartes C)Bayle D)Copernicus

answer

C

question

Which of the following is not an idea discussed by Voltaire in his writings A)the scientific ideas of Newton B)complete social egalitarianism C)Skepticism about religious doctrines D)upholding of religious toleration

answer

B

question

Which of the following is not true about the Encyclopedia A)Its editors were Voltaire and Emile du Chatale B)It places a great deal of emphasis on science C)It survived a bout with government consorship D)It included a large number of illustrations

answer

A

question

Thomas Paine's statement "I believe in God...I do not believe in the creed of (the) Jewish church...the Roman church, the Greek church, the Turkish church..." is an example of Enlightenment A)Atheism B)Deism C)Agnosticism D)Nominalism

answer

B

question

Which of the following ideas is not found in John's Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government A)Natural rights include life liberty and property B)The people have a right to overthrow a government that violates their natural rights C)the powers of government are strictly limited D)Monarchy is the only proper form of government

answer

D

question

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract is still controversial because A)It denounced all religion even Deism as superstition B)Its concept of the general will can be used to support both participatory democracy and an authoritarian regime C)It tried to justify abortion D)It advocated strict separation of the sexes

answer

B

question

Which of the following thinkers is not properly connected to the book or idea that made him famous A)Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Spirit of the Laws B)Francois Quesnay, Physiocracy and laissez-faire C)Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations D)Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments

answer

A

question

Vindication of the Rights of Women was written by A)Mary Astell B)Emile du Chatelet C)Mary Wollstonecraft D)Christina of Sweden

answer

C

question

Which of the following is not true about women in the Enlightenment A)Emile du Chatelet was an important aide to Voltaire B)Mary Astell and Mary Wollstonecraft both emphasized female education C)Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the editors of the Encyclopedia all argued that women should play an active political role D)Julie de Lespinasse and Marie Therese de Geoffrin held important gatherings for Enlightenment intellectuals

answer

C

question

Which statement sums up well the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment A)Led astray by the Hermetic Doctrines, the men of the Scientific Revolution produced a seriously inaccurate view of society that was publicized by the Enlightenment B)All the original intellectual work was done during the Scientific Revolution; the ideas of the Enlightenment were merely derivative C)By deliberately trying to undermine religious belief in the name of scientific progress early scientists paved the way for enlightenment religious toleration D)By challenging the accepted scientific wisdom the early scientists paved the way for broader Enlightenment critiques of religion government and society

answer

D

question

18th Century Europe A)Saw europeran ruler reject the idea of the Enlightenment B)Because of the Enlightenment saw no religious movements of any significance C)Saw important changes in agriculture that increased crop production D)Saw the decline of the African slave trade

answer

C

question

After Peter the Great Russia faced the problem of A)Rule by infant youthful and mentally unstable rulers B)A major revolt by the nobility ending Russian autocracy C)Serious loss of territory to Poland and the Ottoman Empire D)A belated religious Reformation

answer

A

question

The most important successor of Perter the Great in Russia was A)Catharine the Great B)Frederick the Great C)Charles the Great D)Ivan the Great

answer

A

question

Catherine the Great of Russia did all of the following. Which one was not in accord with Enlightenment principles A)She called for a legislative Commission to suggest reforms and gave them an Instruction or guideline based on the ideas of Montesquieu and Beccaria B)She invited Diderot, editor of the Encyclopedie to St. Petersburg C)She corresponded with Voltaire D)She waged a successful war against the Ottoman Turks

answer

D

question

Catherine the Great of Russia did all of the following. Which one was consistent with Enlightenment principles A)She suppressed a peasant revolt led by Pugachev B)She conspired with aristocratic officers to seize the throne of Russia for herself C)She relaxed press censorship and confiscated church lands D)She participated in the partitions of Poland taking the largest share

answer

C

question

Poland was partitioned because A)Poland was faced with a weak central government a lack of defensible frontiers and the powerful neighboring states of Austria Prussia and Russia B)Poland was invaded by the Ottoman Turks the Mongols and Hungary who divided the country among them C)A major peasant revolt led the peasant leaders to desire to be a part of some other country D)None of the above

answer

A

question

Prussia under Frederick William I was characterized by A)The dismantling of his father's large army B)The devotion by the king to raise and drill a large army C)A major war against France D)The ending of Serfdom in Prussia

answer

B

question

Austria in the early 18th century A)Had the strongest army in Europe B)Faced potential problems because of the succession of Maria Theresa for the precedents for a female succession were weak C)Achieved full of control of the Holy Roman Empire turning all of Germany into an absolute monarchy D)Conquered Prussia and deposed Frederick the Great

answer

B

question

The 2 major wars between Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria were A)The 7 years war and the 100 years war B)The 30 years war and the wars of religion C)The war of the Austrian Succession and the 7 years war D) the persain war and the punic war

answer

C

question

The ruler who precipitated the mid century war of the Austrian Succession and the 7 years war was A)Frederick the Great of Prussia because of his invasion of Silesia B)Maria Theresa of Austria by their invasion of Poland C)The Ottoman Sultan by his invasion of Italy D)Peter the Great of Russia by his invasion of France

answer

A

question

The Diplomatic Revolution A)Was an unexpected alliance of Austrian and Prussia to resolve the Silesian issue through an annexation of Poland B)Was an alliance between Russia and the Ottoman Turks to partition some independent Moslem principalities between them C)Was an unlikely alliance of France and England to take advantage of the situation in central Europe caused by the 30 years war D)Occurred because Maria Theresa sought new allies in an effort to retake Silesia from Frederick the Great of Prussia

answer

D

question

The major geopolitical result of the wars of the Austrian Succession and the 7 years war combined was A)Prussia and Russia were confirmed as major European powers B)Austria disappeared from the European map C)Britain emerged as a major continental European power D)All of the above

answer

A

question

18th Century Warfare A)Tended to neglect navies and the European colonies B)Neglected sieges in favor of all out battles C)Was waged by professional armies whose organization reflected the centralized bureaucratic governments they served D)Was waged by armies of disorganized ill trained volunteers and only succeeded in devastating the countryside without achieving important political results

answer

C

question

The 18th Century colonial world A)saw spain lose most of its colonies to Holland B)Saw Portugal become the dominant colonial power C)Saw Russia Prussia and the Ottoman turks become important American colonial rivals D)Saw France and england become the chief colonial rivals because of the decline of the other colonial powers

answer

D

question

The reign of Louis XV of France A)Was marked by numerous tax and revenue problems B)Saw no wars of any consequence C)Clearly illustrated the idea of and effectiveness of Enlightened Absolutism D)Saw France become the dominating military power of Europe

answer

A

question

The Whigs and the Tories A)Were rival French political factions B)Were 2 quarreling religious sects whose rivalry dated back to the Reformation C)Were the major proponents and opponents of the Enlightenment respectively D)Were rival English political factions each striving to control parliament

answer

D

question

The dominating political institution of England in the 18th century was A)The Estates General B)The Continental Congress C)The Senate D)The House of Commons

answer

D

question

The British government in the 18th century is generally regarded as successful because A)A method was found the cabinet system to insure that the king and the Parliament worked together B)Parliament at last succeeded in its goal of deposing the king and establishing a republic C)The king and a small group of ministers succeeded in abolishing Parliament D)None of the Above

answer

A

question

During the 18th century a large part of colonial commerce was based on A)The slave trade B)The wool trade C)The iron trade D)The steel trade

answer

A

question

The major destination for the victims of the African slave trade was A)Virginia B)South Carolina C)Mexico D)Brazil and the West Indies

answer

D

question

The African Slave trade in the 18th Century A)Increased because of the demand for slave labor to produce such crops as sugar tobacco coffee and rice B)Tended to decline from the 17th century C)Had little impact on the politics and society of Africa D)None of the above

answer

A

question

The demand for sugar and other agricultural products of the new world A)Started slavery in Africa which until then had been free of the problem B)Shifted the major direction of already existing African slave trade from towards the middle east towards the americas C)Had virtually no effect on african society D)None of the above

answer

B

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