History Test #2 – Collin College
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Teapot Dome
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Harding's Scandal The Naval strategic oil reserve at Elk Hills was taken out of the Navy's control and placed in the hands of the Department of the Interior, which illegally leased the land to the oil companies Cabinet members received huge payments as bribes
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Henry L. Mencken
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The American Mercury He attacked the shallowness and conceit of the American middle class News covered the Scope Trial
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F. Scott Fitzgerald
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The Great Gatsby
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Sinclair Lewis
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He gained international fame for his novels attacking the weakness in American society 1st American to win the Nobel Prize for literature \"Main Street\" and \"Babbit\"
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Ernest Hemingway
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American novelist Considered part of the \"Lost Generation\" A 1920s expatriate in Paris
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Ku Klux Klan
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In the 1920's Based on the post-Civil War terrorist organization Started by William Simmons to oppose the forces changing America and to fight the growing \"influence\" of blacks, Jews, and Catholics in US society
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Immigration Acts, Quota System
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1921 - First legislation passed which restricted the number of immigrants Quota - allowed in only 3% 1924 - Based on nationality and limited the number of immigrants to 150,000 per year
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Red Scare, Palmer raids
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Communist Party was gaining strength in the US US Attorney General Palmer raided and broke into meetings 4 thousand \"communist\" were jailed
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Scopes Trial
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John Scopes violated the Butler Act by teaching evolution in school William Jennings Bryan prosecuted and Clarence Darrow defended Shift of public opinion away from Fundamentalism (basics of Christianity)
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Harlem Renaissance
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The Harlem Renaissance was a flowering of African-American social thought and culture based in the African American community forming in Harlem
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Langston Hughes
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A gifted African-American One of the foremost interpreters of racial relationships in the US Associated with the Harlem Renaissance Depicted realistically the ordinary live of black people
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Marcus Garvey
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Leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association who advocated black nationalism and financial independence for blacks Started the \"Back to Africa\"
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Warren Harding
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President of the US Believed in a quasi-laissez-faire economic policy
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Teapot Dome Scandel
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Bibery for government oil lands The worst scandal in American history
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Calvin Coolidge
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President of the US Acquired the name \"Silent Cal\" Believed in the government supporting big business
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Herbert Hoover
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President of the US Promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community
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Andrew Mellon
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Secretary of the Treasury Government \"hands off\" approach to the economy
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Stock Market Crash
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Marked the beginning of the Great Depression
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Agricultural Marketing Act
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This act provided for a form of relief for farmers by creating a Federal Farm Board which was designed to stabilize farm crop prices
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff
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It raised duties on agricultural and manufactured imports May have contributed to the spread of the international depression
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation, RFC
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to make loans to banks insurance and railroads it was intended to provide emergency funds to help businesses overcome the effects of the Depression
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Bonus Army
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WW1 vets tried to pressure Congress to pay them their retirement bonuses early Not approved Angry vets march on DC
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Hoovervilles
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Sneering name given to the shantytowns that sprang up during the depression
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Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, 1933
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Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation which outlawed banks investing in the stock market
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National Industry Recovery Act
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Set prices, wages, work hours, and production for each industry
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Agricultural Adjustment Act
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To reduce their output of designated products it paid farmers
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Civilian Consercation Corps
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Camps for men between ages 18-25 to work on reforestation, soil conservation, and flood control projects
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Works Progress Administration
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Employed people for 30 hours a week (so it could hire all the unemployed)
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Securities and Exchange Commission
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Supervise stock exchanges and to punish fraud in securities trading
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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20 dams, projects for farmers, engaged in reforestation to rehabilitate the area
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National Youth Associtation
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Provided part-time jobs for high school and college students to enable them to stay in school and to help young adults not in school find jobs
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National Labor Relations Act or Wagner Act
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Labor's right to unionize and bargain collectively, prohibited unfair labor practices, and created the National Labor Relations Board
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Congress of Industrial Organizations, John L. Lewis
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To expand its principles to include all workers in mass production industries
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Dust Bowl
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Series of dust storms in the central US Caused an exodus from the Oklahoma Panhandle region and also the surrounding Great Plains
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Huey Long, Share the Wealth
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He called for the confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million and a 100% tax on annual incomes over $1 million He was assassinated
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Father Charles Coughlin
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National Union for Social Justice Following of millions Severely criticized FDR's New Deal claiming it did not go far enough in bringing relief to the American people Promoted inflationary currency, anti-semitism
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Dr. Francis Townsend
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Old Age Revolving Pension Plan Proposed that every retired person over 60 receive a pension of $200 a month
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Social Security Act
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Established a retirement for persons over 65 funded by a tax on wages paid equally by employee and emplyer
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Court-packing Plan
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Proposing a bill to allow the president to name a new federal judge for each who did not retire by age 70 1/2 Congress did not pass the court-packing bill
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Washington Disarmament Conference
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Met with nine other countries in the nation's capital to discuss limits on naval armaments Created quotas for how many ships could be built
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Dawes Plan
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Formulated a plan to allow Germany to make its payments in annual installments
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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It made war illegal as a tool of national policy, allowing only defensive war The treaty was generally believed to be useless
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Hoover-Stimson Doctrine
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Japan's seizure of Manchuria brought this pronouncement that the U.S. would not recognize any changes to China's territory
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Neutrality legislation
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All American exports would be embargoes for 6 months Prohibited loans to belligerents Prohibited arms sales to belligerents
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Quarantine Speech
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Democracies must unite to quarantine aggressor nations
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Destroyer Deal
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US agreed to \"lend\" its older destroyers to GB England gave US military bases in the Atlantic End of U.S. neutrality in the war
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\"Lend Lease\"
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President could lend defense equipment to any government whose defense was deemed vital to the defense of the US
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Pearl Harbor
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December 7th 1941 Suprise attack by the Japanese on Pearl Harbor In response US declared war on Japan and Germany
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Japanese Relocation
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Moved all Japanese and people of Japanese descent living on the west coast of the US into internment camps in the interior of the US
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Office of Price Administration
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Government agency that successfully combated inflation by fixing price ceilings on commodities and introducing rationing programs during the war
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War Production Board
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Government agency that decided which companies would make war materials and how to distribute raw materials
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Smith-Connally Anti-Strike ACt
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Authorized federal government to seize and operate tied-up industries
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Braceros
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Mexican workers hired because there weren't enough workers
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Rosie the Riveter
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Symbol of American women who went to work in factories during the war
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Double V
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African Americans demanded a \"double v\" campaign to gain victory over racial discrimination at home as well as over the Axis abroad
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Manhattan Project
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Code name for secret US project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in WW2
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Zoot-suit riots
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Between sailors and solders stationed in the city
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Yalta Conference
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Make final war plans, arrange the post-war fate of Germany, and discuss the proposal for creation of the UN as a successor to the League of Nations Free elections would be held Divided Germany into 3 (later 4) post-war zones
