History Chapter Two – Flashcards

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Commonwealth
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Oliver Cromwell
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Early leader of Jamestown
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John smith
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Was denounced for Antinomianism
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Anne Hutchinson
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Leader of Indians near Jamestown
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Powhatan
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French-born theologian who influenced the puritans
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John Calvin
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Established Rhode Island
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Roger Williams
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Proprietor of Maryland
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Cecilius Calvert
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Governor of Massachusetts
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John Winthrop
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Pilgrim leader
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William Bradford
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Wife of John Rolfe
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Pocahontas
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His settlement at Roanoke island failed
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Walter Raleigh
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Beheaded during English civil war
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Charles I
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Which one of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?
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Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island
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The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:
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Were all men, reflecting the Virginia company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE of queen Mary of England, who reigned from 1553 to 1558?
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Under her authority, colonists established the first permanent English settlement in North America
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Just as the reconquest of Spain from the moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish new world colonization, the methods used in which one of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?
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Ireland
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During the reign of ____, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the established of colonies there
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Elizabeth I
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How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?
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English colonization would save the new world from Spanish tyranny
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What contributed to the English social crisis of the late sixteenth century?
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The enclosure movement, which forced thousands of peasants from farms
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As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:
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Efforts were made to encourage those who had been evicted to settle in the new world, thereby easing the British population crisis
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In Great Britain, the idea of working for wages:
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Was associated with servility and the loss of liberty
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What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty?
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Land
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Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700:
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More than half of them settled in North America
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Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England:
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Were lower-class men
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Which one of the following is TRUE of indentured servants?
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Their master could determine whether they could marry
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Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:
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Was common
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Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land?
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Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought heir land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians
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Which of the following is true of warfare between colonists and native Americans during the seventeenth century?
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Among the colonist, it generated a stein sense of superiority
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In the economic exchanges between the English colonists and eastern native Americas:
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Native Americans never became integrated into the Atlantic economy
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As leader of the Jamestown colony, John Smith:
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Used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together
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How did the Virginia company reshape the colony's development?
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It instituted the headlight system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage
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The Virginia house of burgesses:
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Became the first elected assembly in colonial America
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The marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas:
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Was seen in England as a sign of Anglo-Indian harmony and missionary success
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It can be argued that conflict between the English setters and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when:
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The native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post
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Opechancanough
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Mounted a surprise attack in 1622 that wiped out one-quarter of Virginia's settlers
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When the Virginia company gave control of the Virginia colony to the king in 1624:
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Virginia became the first royal colony
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Which statement about women in the early Virginia colony is FALSE?
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Women consisted of about half the white population
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Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:
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Tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society
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Maryland was established as a refuge for which group?
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Catholics
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Which of the following is TRUE of the puritans of the seventeenth century?
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They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines
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Why did puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s?
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The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings
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What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty?
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He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good
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Why did pilgrims flee the Netherlands?
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They felt that the surrounding culture was corrupting their children
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Where in the Americas did the pilgrims originally plan to go?
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Virginia
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The mayflower compact established:
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A written government for the Plymouth colony
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What benefited the pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?
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Native Americans, decimated by disease, left behind cleared fields for farming
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Puritan women
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Were deemed to be the spiritual equals of men
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In Puritan marriages
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Reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal
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In Puritan New England
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Infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier
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In New England towns
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Much of the land remained in commons, for collective use or to be divided among later settlers
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In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who
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Where landowning church members
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The Massachusetts General court:
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Reflected the puritan's desire to govern the colony without outside interference
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In what ways was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?
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Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace
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Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the class-based society of the Massachusetts bay colony?
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The colony forbade ministers from holding political office
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How did most puritans view the separation of church and state?
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They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister
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In regards to religious toleration, the puritans:
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Saw only their faith as the truth
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Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as
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Dangerous to social harmony and community stability
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Roger Williams argued that
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Church and state must be totally separate
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When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island
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He made sure that it was more democratic then Massachusetts bay
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Anne Hutchinson
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Opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the demned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace
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John Winthrop followed which one of the following policies toward native Americans?
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He insisted that they agree to submit to English authority
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In the Pequot war of 1637
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Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 pequots
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In the seventeenth century, new England's economy
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Involved the export of fish and timber
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Boston merchants
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Challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control
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The half-way convening of 1662
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Allowed baptists and Quakers to attend, but not join, Puritan churches
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In the battles between parliament and the Stuart kings, English freedom
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Was the excuse given for restoring Charles II in 1685
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In the 1640s, leaders of the House of Commons
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Accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent
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During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660
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New religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church
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Which of the following is TRUE of the puritans' dealings with Quakers?
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Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them
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Which one of the following is an accurate statement regarding the impact on Maryland of seventeenth-century England's Protestant-catholic conflict?
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It institutionalized the colony's policy of religious toleration
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