History Chapter 9 Test Questions – Flashcards
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dynamo
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a machine that generates electricity
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Wright brothers
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American bicycle makers who designed and flew the first airplanes
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Alfred Nobel
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a Swedish chemist who invented dynamite
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assembly line
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a production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks
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Michael Faraday
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an English chemist who created the first simple electric motor
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Guglielmo Marconi
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an Italian pioneer who invented the radio
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cartel
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a group of companies that join together to control the production and price of a product
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Thomas Edison
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an American inventor who made the first electric light bulb
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Henry Bessemer
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a British engineer who developed a new process for making steel from iron
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corporation
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a business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investments
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stock
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shares in a company
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interchangeable parts
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identical components that could be used in place of one another
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Louis Pasteur
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a French chemist who showed the link between microbes and disease
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urban renewal
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rebuilding of the poor areas of a city
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Florence Nightingale
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a British nurse who introduced new sanitary measures and founded the first school of nursing
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standard of living
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measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a a society
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germ theory
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the theory that infectious diseases are caused by certain microbes
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mutual-aid society
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self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers
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Joseph Lister
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an English surgeon who discovered how antiseptics prevented infection
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Robert Koch
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a German doctor who identified the bacterium that caused tuberculosis
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women's suffrage
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right of women to vote
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cult of domesticality
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idealization of woemn and the home
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Charles Darwin
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a British naturalist who argued the theory of evolution
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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a women who crusaded against slavery and later for women's rights
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social gospel
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a movement of the 1800s that urged Christians to do social service
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John Dalton
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an English Quaker school teacher who developed modern atomic theory
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temperance movement
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the campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages
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racism
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belief that one racal group is superior to another
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Sojourner Truth
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an African American suffragist
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Today's electric generators work on the same principle as the dynamo invented by
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Michael Faraday
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The population of Europe exploded between 1800 and 1900 in large part because
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medical advances reduced the death rate
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The popular saying "A man's home is his castle" reflected what middle-class value of the late 1800s?
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cult of domesticity
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The purpose of Normal Schools was to train student to be
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teachers
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Englishmen John Dalton made an important breakthrough in chemistry by showing that
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each element has its own kind of atoms
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Romanticism can be described as a revolt against the Enlightenment's emphasis on
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reason
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An artist of the mid-1800s who portrayed the harsh levs of slum dwellers was probably using what artistic style?
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realism
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The Bessemer process was a method for producing
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steel
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What invention did the internal combustion engine make possible?
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the Wright Brothers' flying machine
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What contribution to medical science did German doctor Robert Koch make in the 1880s?
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he identified the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
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Who discovered that sterilizing surgical instruments with antiseptics would help prevent infection?
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Joseph Lister
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Reformers in what movement argued that the se of alcoholic beverages harmed family life and reduced worker productivity?
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temperance
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Bedford College in England and Mount Holyoke in the United States were among the first colleges for
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women
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In 1869, what chemist developed a table that became the basis for the periodic table of elements used today?
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Dmitri Mendeleyev
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Which of the following were writers of the realism movement?
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Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo
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Medical advances in the 19th century
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use of antiseptics, better trained staff; better sanitation; vaccinations
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Artistic styles of the Industrial period
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Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism
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Artists of the Industrial period
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Claude Monet (Impressionism), G. W. Turner (Romanticism), and Gustave Courbet (Realism)
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Romanticism
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reaction to the restraint, reason, and logic of the Enlightenment; emphasized nature, imagination, freedom, and emotion; inspired by historic events
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Realism
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reaction against romanticism; truthful and objective; based on direct observation of the modern world
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Impressionism
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reaction to Daguerre photography; short, broken brushstrokes; bright, pure, unblended brushstrokes; scenes of leisure
