question

A nomadic central Asian people who gained overlordship in key territories from Anatolia to Delhi in Northern India.

answer

Turks

question

They had been quick to join the Mongols and formed important elements in the armies and administrations of the Mongol states in Persia and Central Asia

answer

Turks

question

They far outnumbered ethnic mongols in Persia and Central Asia

answer

Turks

question

Tamerlane's nationality

answer

Turkish

question

The Turkish leader who built a Central Asian empire from his base in Samarkand, campaigning into India and through Persia to the Black Sea.

answer

Tamerlane

question

Tamerlane's capital

answer

Samarkand

question

Tamerlane tried to repeat this person's achievements

answer

Chinggis Khan

question

T/F: Tamerlane was heavily involved in governing territories he conquered

answer

False

question

Thus, after his death, his sons and grandsons fought and the empire fell apart. Sufi orders thrived, and Islam became the most important force integrating the region.

answer

Tamerlane

question

Frontier fighters in the Jihad or holy war. They were instruments of God's religion

answer

Ghazis

question

T/F:The ottoman ruler called himself "border chief" or leader of the ghazis

answer

True

question

The sultan who conquered Constantinople with its Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Palaeologus.

answer

Mehmet II

question

He had more than 100,000 men and a large fleet, but iron chains the harbor kept him out. The ottomans quickly absorbed the rest of the Byzantine empire.

answer

Mehmet II

question

After the conquest of constantinople, the sultans considered themselves successors of these empires

answer

Byzantine and Seljuk

question

The title that the Ottoman ruler took after the conquest of constantinople

answer

Sultan-i-Rum

question

He ordered the city cleaned and officials to take care of the administration. He ordered wealthy citizens to rebuild the city he renamed Istanbul. He transplanted people from outside and gave them tax remissions and houses.

answer

Mehmet II

question

Under him, the Ottomans turned the Safavids back from Anatolia and added Syria, Palestine, and Egypt to their empire, extending their rule across north africa to Tunisia and Algeria.

answer

Selim

question

His rule marks the beginning of four centuries when most arabs were under Ottoman rule.

answer

Selim

question

Francis I of France a had an important alliance with this Ottoman

answer

Suleiman

question

Habsburg emperor Charles V allied with this Persian group

answer

Safavids

question

T/F: When Henry II took over france, the ottoman agreement failed

answer

False

question

He also allied with German Protestant Princes, forcing the Catholic Habsburgs to grant concessions to the protestants

answer

Suleiman

question

An arabic word originally used by the Seljuk turks to mean authority or dominion, it was used by the Ottomans to connote political and military supremacy.

answer

Sultan

question

All authority flowed from ___________

answer

Sultan

question

_______________ law had Penalties for routine criminal acts. Sought to reform bureaucratic and financial corruption in areas such as harem intervention in administrative affairs, foreign merchants paying bribes to avoid customs duties, imprisonment without trial, and the promotion in the provincial administration because of favoritism rather than ability.

answer

Sultanic

question

This legal code also introduced the idea of balanced financial budgets. The head of the islamic religion establishment had to reconcile Islamic law with sultanic law.

answer

Sultanic

question

A process where the sultan's agents swept through the Balkans and took Christian youths who became highly loyal muslim slaves.

answer

Devshirme

question

Turkish for recruits, they formed the elite army corps. They were absolutely loyal to the sultan.

answer

Janissaries

question

A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.

answer

Concubine

question

T/F: With the exception of Hurrem, concubines could not have political ambitions like other noblewomen.

answer

True

question

This increased the salary and prestige of a concubine

answer

Pregnancy

question

Born in western ukraine, she was given to Suleiman as a gift for rising to the throne. She started out as a slave concubine, but became a real wife which frightened people

answer

Hurrem

question

Her son was Selim II and she had great influence in the empire. She had contact with her native Poland and did good works with her large living stipend.

answer

hurrem

question

Which of these was not a source of early Safavid strength? A. Loyalty and military support of the Turkish sufis known as Quzilbash, meaning redheads because of their red hats B. Utilized skills of urban bureaucrats and made them an essential part of the civil machinery of government. C. Their sunni faith and descent from Jesus alone D. Shi'ite faith and claimed descent from Ali, muhammad's cousin and son in law, because power belonged to the Prophet's descendants.

answer

C

question

Safavid power reached its height under him whose military achievements, support for trade and commerce, and endowment of the arts earned him the title the great.

answer

Shah Abbas

question

He moved the capital to Isfahan and adopted the ottoman practice of having slave soldiers, primarily captives from the Caucuses, especially Armenians and Georgians, who could serve as a counterweight to the Qizilbash.

answer

Shah Abbas

question

He increased the use of gunpowder weapons and made alliances with European powers against the ottomans and the portuguese. In his campaigns against the ottomans, he captured Baghdad, Mosul, and Diarbakr in Mesopotamia.

answer

Shah Abbas

question

The turkish ruler of a small territory in Central Asia, he captured Kabul and established a kingdom in Afghanistan.

answer

Babur

question

Babur claimed descent from ________ and _______ _________

answer

Tamerlane and Chiggis Khan

question

An adventurer who claimed descent from Tamerlane and Chinggis Khan, he moved southward into India when he could not expand in Afghanistan.

answer

Babur

question

In 1526 with a force of only 12,000 men, he defeated the Sultan of Delhi at Panipat.

answer

Babur

question

He decided to stay in india. A gifted writer, he wrote an autobiography in Turkish that recounts his military campaigns, describes people he encountered, recounts his difficulties giving up wine, and shows his wide-ranging interests in everything from a Turkish general who excelled at leapfrog to his own love of fruit and swimming.

answer

Babur

question

T/F: Babur was greatly impressed with India

answer

False

question

He became badshah at age 13 and pursued expansionist policies. The mughal empire under him eventually included most of the subcontinent north of the Godavari river. No kingdom or coalition could long resist him.

answer

Akbar

question

He replaced turkish with persian as the official language which it remained until the british conquered it

answer

Akbar

question

He developed an administrative bureaucracy centered on four co=equal minsters: for finance and revenue, the army and intelligence, for religious patronage, and the imperial household which included roads, bridges, and infrastructure throughout the empire.

answer

Akbar

question

T/f: Like the ottomans and safavids, the government often interfered in village life

answer

False

question

Akbar's son who lacked his father's military abilities and administrative genius, but he did succeed in consolidating Mughal rule in Bengal

answer

Jahangir

question

Jahangir's son who launched fresh territorial expansion. Faced with dangerous revolts by the Muslims in Ahmadnagar and the resistance of the newly arrived Portuguese in Bengal, Shah Jahan not only crushed them but also strengthened his northwestern frontier.

answer

Shah Jahan

question

Shah Jahan's son who deposed his father and confined him for years in a small cell. A puritanically devout and strictly orthodox Muslim as well as a skillful general and a clever diplomat, he ruled more of india than an previous Badshah as he extended south.

answer

Aurangzeb

question

They were among the first carpet weavers of the ancient times and perfected the art over thousands of years.

answer

Persians

question

In Safavid Persia, Shah Abbas was determined to improve his country's export trade and built the small cottage industry into a national industry. In Isfahan alone, factories employed more than 25,000 workers who produced these , brocades, and silks. Women and children were used and exploited for their small hands. Name this industry.

answer

Carpet

question

The greatest ottoman builder, a greek born devshirme recruit, he rose to become imperial architect under Sulaiman

answer

Sinan

question

A contemporary of Michaelangelo, he designed 312 public buildings like mosques, schools, hospitals, public baths, palaces, and burial chapels. His masterpieces, the Shehzade and Suleimanive mosques in Istanbul, which rivaled the Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia represented solutions to spatial problems unique to domed buildings and expressed the discipline, power, and devotion to Islam that characterized the ottoman empire under Suleiman.

answer

Sinan

question

This city had more than 1,000,000 people

answer

Istanbul

question

he capital city and jewel of the Safavid empire. Besides splendid rugs, stalls displayed pottery and fine china, metalwork of exceptionally high quality and silks and velvets of stunning weave and design.

answer

Isfahan

question

T/F: Isfahan had narrow streets

answer

False

question

A city of 750,000 people, this place contained 162 mosques, 48 schools, 273 public baths, and the imperial palace. Private houses had their own garden courts and public gardens, pools and parks adorned the wide streets.

answer

Isfahan

question

Shah Jahan moved his capital from Agra to here

answer

Delhi

question

Hindus considered this place sacred and it reflects their influence

answer

Delhi

question

Here, In the design and layout of the buildings, Persian ideas predominated, an indication of the numbers of Persian architects and engineers who had flocked to the subcontinent.

answer

Delhi

question

The number of people who worked in the palace

answer

57,000

question

This place had the first covered bazaar in india like a shopping mall

answer

Delhi

question

This Indian city had a population of roughly 400,000 people

answer

Delhi

question

He ordered the construction of the Peacock throne for his palace. It was encrusted with emeralds, diamonds, pearls, and rubies. It took 7 years to make and cost $5 million. IT served as the imperial throne of India until the persian warrior Nadir Shah seized it as plunder and carried it to Persia

answer

Shah Jahan

question

Shah Jahan's most lasting thing which was a monument in Agra to Shah Jahan's favorite wife who died giving birth to their 15th child.

answer

Taj mahal

question

A feature of Persian culture and Muslim literature that were modeled after the garden of eden

answer

Gardens

question

In arabic, paradise was this word meaning the garden

answer

Al janna

question

T/F: Gardening spread to Italy, Spain, Southern Italy, and southeastern Europe. Tamerlane ordered the construction of the House of flowers

answer

True

question

He incorporated gardens into the Mughal empire

answer

Babur

question

Building on the knowledge of earlier Islamic writers and stimulated by Ottoman naval power, this geographer and cartographer produced a map incorporating all western and Islamic knowledge of the known world.

answer

Piri Reis

question

Another of his maps detailed Columbus's third voyage to the new world. His Book of the Sea contained 129 chapters and incorporated all western and Islamic knowledge of the seas and navigation, describing rocks, tides, shores.

answer

Piri Reis

question

Piri Reis's book

answer

Book of the Sea

question

He served as the sultan's chief Astronomer and had an observatory at Istanbul. His Instruments of the Observatory catalogued astronomical instruments and described an astronomical clock that fixed the location of heavenly bodies with greater precision than before.

answer

Takiyuddin Mehmet

question

Takiyuddin Mehmet's book

answer

Instruments of the Observatory

question

the chief physician of the empire who studied Kidney and bladderstones and supported the research of Jewish doctor Musa Colinus Us-Israli on the application of drugs.

answer

Celebi

question

He founded the first ottoman medical school

answer

Celebi

question

He said not to go into countries where epidemic existed, but not to leave if it did. When European cities had quarantines, the Ottomans ignored it leading to death.

answer

Muhammad

question

A new religion whose development was influenced by the Sufis. They traced themselves back to a teacher who argued that God did not distinguish between Muslims and Hindus but saw everyone as his children.

answer

Sikhism

question

They rejected the caste system and forbade alcohol and tobacco and men did not cut their hair, instead covering it with a turban

answer

Sikhs

question

The sikh movement was most successful here where Sikh men armed themselves to defend their communities.

answer

Northwest india

question

It was a place for conversation and male sociability. There a man could entertain his friends cheaply and more informally than at home

answer

Coffeehouse

question

There were also disreputable activities like musicians playing instruments, others playing games like backgammon, a board game where moves are determined by rolls of dice.

answer

Coffeehouse

question

Which one of these was not an objection to the coffeehouses? A. chemical composition makes coffee intoxicating and physically harmful B. The Ulama hated fun C. Coffee drinking was an innovation and therefore a violation of Islamic law. D. The coffeehouse encouraged political discussions that could be dangerous to the sultan. E. Patrons of coffeehouses tended to be low types who engaged in immoral behavior such as gambling, soliciting prostitutes, and engaging in sodomy

answer

B

question

This aspect of coffeehouses led to debauchery

answer

Music

question

T/F: Muslims were less tolerant than Christians

answer

False

question

With _____ and the payment of a _____ ______, Muslim rulers guaranteed lives and property of Jews and Christians.

answer

obedience and poll tax

question

T/F: The Ottomans also protected other people like Serbs and other Orthodox christians.

answer

True

question

There was an (inverse or direct) relationship between the degree of Muslim political penetration and the degree of Islamization.

answer

Inverse

question

He went the furthest in promoting Hindu accommodation. He celebrated important Hindu festivals such as Diwali, the festival of lights. He wore his hair uncut in a turban to please his Indian subjects.

answer

Akbar

question

Twice he married Hindu princesses, one of whom became the mother of his heir, Jhangir. He appointed the Spanish Jesuit Antonio Monserrate as a tutor to his second son, Prince Murad. Hindus eventually totaled 30% of the imperial bureaucracy.

answer

Akbar

question

He abolished the jitza, the tax on non muslims. these actions angered the Ulama and serious conflict erupted between them and the emperor. Ultimately, Akbar issued a decree declaring that the Mughal emperor had supreme authority, even above the Ulama in religious matters.

answer

Akbar

question

series of agreements that basically surrender the rights of one party. The Ottoman government signed these with European powers and gave them a stranglehold on Ottoman trade and commerce. To try to revive trade with Europe, the Ottomans signed a series of agreements called the capitulation

answer

Capitulations

question

A trade compact signed in 1536 and renewed in 1569 virtually exempted these merchants from Ottoman law and allowed them to travel and buy and sell throughout the sultan's dominions and to pay low customs duties on________ imports and exports.

answer

French

question

In 1615, as part of a twenty year peace treaty, the capitulation rights already given to French and English businessmen were extended to these people

answer

Habsburgs

question

They had a thriving commercial economy. Although most people were engaged in agriculture, from which most imperial revenue was derived, a manufacturing industry supported by a money economy and mercantile capitalism expanded.

answer

Mughals

question

India's chief export produced by artisans working at home

answer

Block printed cotton cloth

question

These people supplied materials for production and money for artisans to live on while they worked

answer

Bankers

question

T/F: Within India, the demand for cotton cloth as well as for food crops, was so great that Akbar had to launch a wide-scale road building campaign

answer

True

question

From here, people shipped cloth worldwide. Indian businessmen had branch offices in places where cloth was shipped to. There was an enormous trade which produced fabulous wealth for some indian merchants.

answer

Gujarat

question

With a charter signed by Queen elizabeth, eighty London merchants organized the

answer

British east india company

question

In 1619, Emperor Jahangir granted a mission to these people. important commercial concessions at Surat on the west coast of India. Gifts, medical services, and bribes to Indian rulers enabled them to set up twenty-seven other coastal forts.

answer

British

question

The city given to England when the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza married Charles II was leased to the company, making the virtually total British absorption of portuguese power in India.

answer

Bombay

question

The British East India Company formed a fort that became the city of ________

answer

Calcutta

question

A term first used by the british for their trading post at Surat. It was later supplied to all European walled settlements in India. The term did not signify manufacturing.

answer

Factory Fort

question

It designated the walled compound containing the residences, gardens, and offices of British East India Company Officials and the warehouses where goods were stored before being shipped to India. The company president exercised political authority over all residents. They existed to make profits from the Asian-European trade and they evolved into flourishing sources of economic profit.

answer

Factory fort

question

The native indian troops who were trained as infantrymen. Political instability in india in the early eighteenth century caused the company's factories to evolve into defensive installations manned by small garrisons of these soldiers trained in Western military drill and tactics. When warlords appeared or an uprising occurred, people from the surrounding countryside flocked to the fort for protection.

answer

Sepoys

question

The European middle class wanted asian ______, because they were colorful, cheap, durable, and washable

answer

Textiles

question

the upper class desired these things and had to pay for them with precious metals because asians had little interest in European manufactured articles

answer

Wallpaper, porcelain, silk

question

This created the office of governor general, with an advisory council, to exercise political authority over the territory controlled by the company

answer

Regulating Act of 1773

question

This required that the governor general be chosen outside the company and it made company directors subject to parliamentary supervision. implementation of these reforms fell to three successive governors

answer

India Act of 1784

question

The three successive British governors of india

answer

Hastings, Cornwallis, Wellesley

question

sought allies among Indian princes, laid the foundations for the first Indian civil service, abolished tolls to facilitate internal trade, placed the salt and opium trades under government control, and planned a codification of Muslim and Hindu laws

answer

Hastings

question

He introduced the British style of property relations, in effect converting a motley collection of former Mughal officers, tax collectors, and others into English-style landlords. The result was a new system of landholding in which the rent of tenant farmers supported the landlords

answer

Cornwallis

question

He was victorious over local rulers who resisted british rule and vastly extended british influence in India. Like most 19th century british governors of India, Wellesley believed that British rule strongly benefited the Indians. With supreme condescension, he wrote that British power should be established over the indian princes in order to deprive them of the means to form a confederacy and to disturb the security of the empire.

answer

Wellesley

question

Three common factors in the fall of the Islamic empires

answer

Succession, finance, military losses

question

The first islamic empire to fall

answer

Safavid

question

This empire's leader Shah Abbas was succeeded by inept rulers whose heavy indulgence in wine and the pleasures of the harem weakened the monarchy and disintegrated the state

answer

Safavid

question

In 1722, the Afghans invaded this empire from the east, seized Isfahan, and were able to repulse an Ottoman invasion from the west. In Isfahan, thousands of officials and members of the shah's family were executed. In the following centuries, some strong men emerged, but no leader was able to reunite all of persia.

answer

Safavid

question

This empire suffered from a series of weak sultans. Turkish practice granted that the sultans would be forceful men. The sultan's sons gained administrative experience as governors of provinces and military experience on the battlefield as part of their education. After sultan died, sons fought it out. This led to succession of capable men.

answer

Ottoman

question

After this man's reign, succession changed to prevent fighting

answer

Suleiman

question

________ __ called the drunkard, he left the conduct of public offices to his vizier while he pursued the pleasures of the harem. He died when he fell because he was dizzy from stopping drinking

answer

Selim II

question

In this empire, The devshirme was abandoned, and Muslims filled the ranks. Problems were caused by rising population without rising economy. The land could not sustain so many people nor were there jobs. Inflation, famine, and revolts ensued. The economic center shifted from the capital to the provinces and the empire began to decentralize politically as well. Local nobles rather than central officials had power. There were more people with power, setting the stage for nationalism

answer

Ottoman

question

Armies began losing wars and territory along their European borders. This empire depended on mercenaries and fell behind in technology as well. By the peace treaty signed with Austria at Karlowitz, they lost the major European provinces of hungary and transylvania, along with the tax revenues they provided.

answer

Ottoman

question

Here, the turkish practice of letting heirs fight for the throne persisted. Military challenges were daunting as well. After defeating his father and brothers, Aurangzeb pushed the conquest of the south. The stiffest opposition came from the Marathas, a militant Hindu group centered in the western Deccan.

answer

Mughal

question

The opposition of the Mughal empire

answer

Marathas

question

here were 13 years of succession struggles that shattered the empire. His successors were less successful than the ottomans in making the dynasty the focus of loyalty. Provincial governors began to rule independently. The Marathas were the greatest threat. In 1739, Persian adventurer Nadir Shah invaded India, defeated their army, looted Delhi and after a savage massacre carried off a huge amount of treasure, including the peacock throne. When Nadir Shah withdrew to Afghanistan, he took with him this government's prestige.

answer

Mughal

question

onstant skirmishes between the Afghans and the Marathas for control of the Punjab and northern India ended at Panipat where the Marathas were crushed by the Afghans. At that point, india no longer had any power capable of imposing order on the subcontinent or checking European penetration.

answer

Mughal

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