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Adams-Onis Treaty

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(Transcontinental Treaty) U.S. gives up claims to Texas and Spain cedes Florida to the U.S. and sets boundary to the Pacific Ocean

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Convention of 1818

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Between U.S. and Britain 49th Parallel set as northern boundary Joint control of Oregon for 10 years

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Missouri Compromise

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1820 Missouri entered as a slave state, Main as a free state Southern border of Missouri dividing line for future states

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Monroe Doctrine

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1823 U.S. announced that there would be no more European colonization European nations were not to interfere in the Western hemisphere

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Clay's American System

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Economic program to benefit the country proposed by Henry Clay in hopes of being elected as president

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Eli Whitney

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Invented the cotton gin Introduced the concept of standardized/interchangeable parts

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John Deere

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Invented a steel plow that was much more durable than iron plows

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Cyrus McCormick

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Invented a grain reaper that increased the rate of planting and harvesting wheat

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Erie Canal

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364 miles long from Albany on the Hudson River to Buffalo on Lake Erie. Transformed the economy of upstate NY by cutting transportation costs

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Fulton's Folly

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Robert Fulton invented a steamboat call the Clermont Made 2-way traffic possible on America's rivers

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National Road

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Also called Cumberland Road Stretched from Baltimore to halfway across the state of Illinois Built with federal money

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Samuel Morse

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Invented the telegraph and then Morse code as form of communication

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Cyrus Field

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Laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean

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Pony Express

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Series of horseback riders who delivered mail relay style between Missouri and California in 10 days time Began in 1860 and lasted only a year because of the railroad and telegraph

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Samuel Slater

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Brought the design for a water frame that was power operated to spin fiber into yarn Built the first textile mill in American

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Frances Cabot Lowell

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Imitated British design for a power loom Built first factory in America where spinning and weaving with power machinery was under one roof

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Lowell Mills

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Textile community where women were hired to work and live in dormitories

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Elias Howe

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Invented the sewing machine that became the foundation for the ready-made clothing industry

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Robert Hoe

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Invented a power driven rotary printing press that lowered the cost of printing and led to mass production of magazines, newspapers, and books

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Penny Press

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Marketing technique where one copy of a newspaper was sold for one cent instead of a subscription

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Gody's Lady's Book

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Women's magazine that set the fashion trend and was the first to achieve mass distribution

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Micajah Pratt

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Introduced the concept of standardized parts to the shoe industry Began to mass produce shoes in about 1812

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Election of 1824

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Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford (had a stroke), Henry Clay Congress chose Adams between Jackson and Adams Jackson thought there was a corrupt bargain between Adams and Clay

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Second Party System

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Democrats and Republicans who were later known as Whigs

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Jacksonian Democracy

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Idea that common people would vote, hold office, and run the government

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Petticoat Wars

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Some of the wives of cabinet members were gossiping about the wife of the Secretary of War President Jackson made Peggy Eaton his official White House Hostess and fired some of the cabinet members

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Nullification Ordinance

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Tariff of Abomination, 1828 Opposition led by John C. Calhoun Tariff of 1832, lower South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification Force Bill-authorized use of the army Compromise Tariff of 1833-proposed by Clay and accepted by South Carolina thus ending the crisis

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Second Bank of the United States (Biddle's Bank)

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Bank charter to expire in 1836 Biddle moves Congress to recharter early Jackson vetoes the bill Jackson destroys the bank by spending from the federal bank and putting deposits in his pet state banks Panic of 1837:disappearance of the bank leads to depression

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Indian Removal Act of 1830

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Congress offered land in the west for all tribes that would voluntarily move there

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Worcester v Georgia

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Cherokee didn't want to move and claimed that they weren't subject to white men's laws Supreme Court ruled in their favor State of Georgia forced them to leave anyway

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Trail of Tears

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1838 removal of the Cherokees to Oklahoma About 1/4 died along the way

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Spoils System

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Appointed positions to loyal party supporters

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Second Great Awakening

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Mass religious revival that inspired much of the reform in the age of Jackson

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Charles Grandison Finney

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Major evangelist during the Second Great Awakening

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Utopian Communities

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Held themselves up as models for the rest of society

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Shakers

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Worked hard and produced products for market and were economically successful Leader: Mother Anne, preached celibacy

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Oneida Community

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Leader preached doctrine of complex marriage "free love" Community farmed and made steel traps and spoons Oneida Community Ltd. successful flatware company today

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New Harmony

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Model factory town established by Robert Owen Built near a factory and selected the workers Wanted leaders who would promote a cultured society Formed a government, produced a newspaper, and provided various cultural events

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Brook Farm

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Supported by a boarding school where wealthy children were taught by well known literary figures including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne

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Horace Mann

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Leader for education reform

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Dorothea Dix

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Led the movement to reform the insane asylums

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Auburn System

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Compromise between punishment and rehabilitation

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Temperance Movement

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Effort to reduce drunkenness

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Maine Law

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1851 Maine prohibited the sale of alcohol that began a wave of state legislation on this subject

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Amelia Bloomer

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Introduced pants as a part of women's wardrobes

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Seneca Falls Convention

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1848 First women's rights convention Drew up Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

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Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

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Listed goals of the women's rights movements Patterned after the U.S. Declaration of Independence

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

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Leaders of women's rights movement in the U.S.

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Abolitionism

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Became the dominant movement by the 1840s

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William Lloyd Garrison

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Abolitionist that called for immediate emancipation Published an anti-slavery newspaper called "The Liberator"

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Frederick Douglass

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Black abolitionist who said he was the "slave that stole himself" Ran away from his master and went to England Gave speeches to earn money Returned to the U.S. and purchased his freedom Started an abolitionist newspaper for blacks called "The North Star"

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Sojourner Truth

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Black female abolitionist Worked in the women's rights movement

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Harriet Tubman

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Conductor on the Underground Railroad Escaped slavery and went to Canada but returned to the South about 19 times to lead about 200 others to freedom

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Underground Railroad

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Network of whites and blacks that helped slaves escape to Canada from the South

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Gag Law

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U.S. Congress voted to table any issue that dealt with slavery and not discuss it at all

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Lyceum

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Lecture circuit that provided free programs on literature, science, music, etc.

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Washington Irving

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"Rip Van Winkle" "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

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Transcendentalism, Essays and Lectures

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Henry David Thorough

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Walden "civil disobedience"

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Gabriel's Rebellion

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1800 Gabriel Prosser was a slave blacksmith that led slaves to march on Richmond, Virginia Betrayed and his plot was discovered Prosser and about 25 others were captured and executed

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Denmark Vessey Conspiracy

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Vessey was a free black carpenter that planned to takeover Charleston, SC Betrayed and about 35 others were tried, convicted, and executed Another 34 were deported

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Nat Turner Rebellion

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Turner was a slave preacher in Virginia Was a model slave and had a kind master He and 6 others killed the master and his family and went on a killing spree, murdering 57 men, women, and children Was caught trials resulted in 17 hangings and 200 more slaves were lynched

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Missouri Compromise

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1820 Missouri-slave state Maine-free state 36' 30' parallel-boundary for future states in the Louisiana Purchase (north of the line free and south of the line slave)

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Republic of Texas

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Declared independence from Mexico and established Republic in 1836

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Stephen F. Austin

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Founded a colony of anglos in Texas

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Manifest Destiny

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Idea that is was God's will for the U.S. to expand to the Pacific Ocean

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Oregon Treaty of 1846

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Compromise split Oregon Country between Britain and U.S. Northern boundary of the U.S. was extended to the pacific along the 49th parallel U.S. acquired Puget Sound and the Port of Seattle

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James K. Polk

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Elected in 1844 after promising to get Oregon and Texas for the U.S.

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Texas Annexation

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December 29, 1845 Texas became a state of the U.S.

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Zachary Taylor

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Sent by President Polk into TX with troops while TX was becoming a state Was ordered to move into the disputed area between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande

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The Mexican War

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Fighting over disputed area of TX between the U.S. and Mexico

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Winfield Scott

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Sent by Polk by water and over land to capture Mexico City

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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Treaty that ended the Mexican War 1848 Mexico gives up claim to TX Rio Grande is accepted as the TX border U.S. pays Mexico $15 million Mexico cedes territory that will be the future states of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California (Mexican Cession)

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James Fenimore Cooper

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Leatherstocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans

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Walt Whitman

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Leaves of Grass Known as a Civil War poet

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Herman Melville

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Moby Dick

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Nathaniel Hawthorne

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The Scarlet Letter

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Gadsden Purchase 1853

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U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for 30,000 sq. miles on the southern edge of present day Arizona and New Mexico for the purpose of building a railroad along a southern route to California

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Gold Rush

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Discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in 1848 led to a wave of gold seekers pouring into CA in 1849 (the 49'ers) 1859, major discovery in Oregon led to the "59'ers"

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The Mormon Migration

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Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints - the Mormons A lynch mob killed Smith for teaching and practicing polygamy in Illinois Brigham Young led the Mormons to settle Utah Territory beginning in 1846

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Joseph Smith

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Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) Killed for teaching/practicing polygamy

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Brigham Young

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Led the Mormons to settle Utah Territory in 1846

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Great American Desert

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Area between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains People thought it was a desert so it was the last area of the U.S. to be settled

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Seward's Icebox

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Nickname given to Alaska after it was purchased from Russia in 1867 by Secretary of State William Seward

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Commodore Matthew Perry

answer

Sent to convince the Japanese that they must trade with the U.S. Took gifts of a telegraph and a miniature train Japanese began to cooperate and a treaty for trade was signed in 1858

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