question

Progressivism

answer

A reform movement that often advocated government activism to mitigate the problems created by urban industrialism; reached its peak in 1912 with the creation of the progressive party; has come to mean any general effort advocating for social welfare programs

question

Settlement Houses

answer

Settlements established in poor neighborhoods beginning in the 1880s. Reformers like Jane Addams and Lillian Wald believed that only by living among the poor could they help bridge the growing class divide. College-educated women formed the backbone of the settlement house movement

question

Social Gospel

answer

A vision of Christianity that saw its mission not simply to reform individuals but to reform society. Emerging in the early 20th century; it offered a powerful corrective to social Darwinism and the gospel of wealth which fostered the belief that riches signaled divine favor

question

Reform Darwinism

answer

Sociological theory developed in the 1880s that argued humans could speed up evolution by altering their environment. A challenge to the laissez-faire approach of social Darwinism, it insisted that the liberal state should play an active role in solving social problems

question

Muckraking

answer

early 20th century style of journalism that exposed the corruption of big business and government. Theodore Roosevelt coined the term after a character in Pilgrim's Progress who was too busy raking muck to notice higher things

question

Roosevelt Corollary

answer

Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 follow-up to the Monroe Doctrine in which he declared that the United States had the right to intervene in Latin America to stop brutal wrongdoing and protect American interests; warned European powers to keep out of the Western Hemisphere

question

The New Nationalism

answer

Theodore Roosevelt's 1912 campaign slogan which reflected his commitment to federal planning and regulation; Roosevelt wanted to use the federal government as a steward for the people to regulate giant corporations

question

The New Freedom

answer

Woodrow Wilson's 1912 campaign slogan which reflected his belief in limited government and states' rights, Wilson promised to use antitrust legislation to eliminate big corporation and to improve opportunities for small businesses and farmers

question

Socialist Party

answer

Political Party formed in 1900 that advocated cooperation over competition and promoted the breakdown of capitalism its members who were largely middle-class and native-born, saw both the Republican and Democratic parties as hopelessly beholden to capitalism

question

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

answer

Umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905 that was dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism, Nicknamed the Wobblies it advocated direct action by workers including sabotage and general strikes in hopes of triggering a widespread workers' uprising

question

Birth Control Movement

answer

Movement launched in 1915 by Margaret Sanger in New York City's Lower East Side. Advocates hoped that contraception would alter social and political power relationships: by having fewer babies, the working class could constrict the size of the work force, thus making possible for higher wages, and at the same time refuse to provide soldiers for the world's armies

question

Plessy v. Ferguson

answer

1896 Supreme Court ruling that upheld the legality of racial segregation according to the ruling black could be segregated in separate schools, restrooms and other facilities were equal to those provided for whites

question

Triple Alliance

answer

early 20th century alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It was formed as part of a complex network of military and diplomatic agreements intended to prevent war in Europe by balancing power In actuality such alliances made large-scale conflict more likely

question

Triple Entente

answer

Early 20th century alliance among Great Britain, France, and Russia. It stood opposed to the triple alliance

question

Lusitania

answer

British passenger liner torpedoed by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. The attack killed 1,198 passengers, including 128 Americans. The incident challenged American neutrality during World War I and moved the United States on a path toward entering the war

question

Bolshevik

answer

Russian revolutionary, they forced Czar Nicholas II to abdicate and they seized power in Russia in 1917. In a separate peace with Germany, the Bolshevik government withdrew Russia from World War I

question

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

answer

US armed forces under the command of General John Pershing who fought under a separate American command in Europe during World War I. They helped defeat Germany when they entered the conflict in full force in 1918

question

18th Amendment (prohibition)

answer

Constitutional amendment banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol. Congress passed it in December 1917, and it was ratified in January 1920. World War I provided a huge boost to the crusade to ban alcohol

question

19th Amendment (woman suffrage)

answer

Constitutional amendment granting women the vote, Congress passed the amendment in 1919 and it was ratified in August 1920. Like the proponents of prohibition, the advocates of woman suffrage triumphed by linking their cause to the war

question

Fourteen points

answer

Woodrow Wilson's plan, proposed in 1918 to create a new democratic would order lasting peace. Wilson's plan affirmed basic liberal ideals, supported the right to self-determination, and called for the creation of a League of Nations. Wilson compromised on his plan at the 1919 Paris peace conference and the US Senate refused to ratify the resulting treaty

question

League of Nations

answer

International organization proposed in Woodrow Wilson's 14 points designed to secure political independence and territorial integrity for all states and thus ensure enduring peace the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and the US never became a member

question

Versailles Treaty

answer

Treaty signed on June 28, 1919 that ended World War I. The agreement redrew the map of the world and assigned Germany sole responsibility for the war and saddled it with a debt of $33 billion in war damages Many Germans felt betrayed by the treaty

question

Red Scare

answer

The widespread fear of internal subversion and Communist revolution that swept the US in 1919 and resulted in suppression of dissent. Labor unrest, postwar recession, the difficult peacetime readjustment, and the Soviet establishment of the Comintern all contributed to the scare

question

Schenck v. United States

answer

1919 Supreme Court decision that established a clear and present danger for restricting free speech. the Court upheld the conviction of socialist CHarles Schenck for urging resistance to the draft during wartime

question

Teapot Dome

answer

Nickname for the scandal in which Interior Secretary ALbert Fall accepted $400,000 in bribes for leasing oil reserves on public land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. It was part of a larger pattern of corruption that marred Warren G. Harding's presidency

question

Five Power Naval Treaty of 1922

answer

Treaty that committed Britain, France, Japan, Italy, and the US to a proportional reduction of naval forces, producing the world's greatest success in disarmament up to that time. Republicans orchestrated its development at the 1921 Washington Disarmament Conference

question

Welfare Capitalism

answer

Industrial programs for workers that became popular in the 1920s. Some businesses improved safety and sanitation inside factories. They also instituted paid vacations and pension plans. This encouraged loyalty to companies and discouraged independent labor unions

question

Prohibition

answer

ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol that went into effect in January 1920 with the 18th amendment. it proved almost impossible to enforce. By the end of the 1920s, most Americans wished it to end and it was finally replaced in 1933

question

New Woman

answer

Alternative image of womanhood that came into American mainstream in the 1920s the mass media frequently portrayed young college-educated women who drank smoked and wore skimpy dresses New women also challenge American convictions about separate spheres for women and men and the sexual double standard

question

New Negro

answer

Term referring to African Americans who through the arts challenged American racial hierarchy; emerged in New York City in the 1920s in what became known as the Harlem Renaissance which produced dazzling literacy, musical, and artistic talent

question

Johnson Reed Act

answer

1924 law that severely restricted immigration to the United States to no more than 161,000 a year with quotas for each European nation the racist restrictions were designed to staunch the flow of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and from Asia

question

Ku Klux Klan

answer

Secret society that first thwarted black freedom after the Civil War but was reborn in 191 to fight against perceived threats posed by blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews. The new Klan spread well beyond the South in the 1920s

question

Scopes Trial

answer

1925 trial of John Scopes a biology teacher in Dayton Tennessee for violating his state's ban on teaching evolution. The trial created a nationwide media frenzy and came to be seen as a showdown between urban and rural values

question

Bonus Marchers

answer

World War I veterans who marched on Washington DC in 1932 to lobby for immediate payment of the pension (bonus) promised them in 1924. President Herbert Hoover believed the bonuses would bankrupt the government and sent the US army to evict the veterans from the city

question

Scottsboro Boys

answer

Nine African American youths who were arrested for the alleged rape of two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama in 1931. After an all-white jury sentenced the young men nto death the Communist Party took action that saved them from the electric chair

question

New Deal Coalition

answer

political coalition that supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and the Democratic Party, including farmers, factory workers, immigrants, city dwellers, women, African Americans, and progressive intellectuals. It dominated American politics during and long after Roosevelt's presidency

question

Underconsumption

answer

situation in which factories and farms produce more than consumers buy causing factories to lay off workers and farmers to lose money New Dealers believed that it was the root of the country's economic paralysis. Workers without wages and farmers without the profits shrank consumption and choked the economy. The only way to increase consumption, New dealers believed, was to provide jobs that put wages in consumers' pockets

question

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

answer

regulatory body established by the Glass-Steagall bankiing Act that guaranteed the federal government would reimburse bank depositors if their banks failed. This key feature of the New Deal restored depositors' confidence in the banking system during the great depression

question

fireside chats

answer

series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives. the charts helped bolster Roosevelt's popularity and secured popular support for his reforms

question

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

answer

Federal relief program established in March 1933 that provided assistance in the form of jobs to millions of unemployed young men and a token number of women. CCC workers worked on conservation projects throughout the nation

question

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

answer

New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 aimed at cutting agricultural production and raising crop prices, and consequently farmers' income Through the domestic allotment plan it paid farmers to not grow crops

question

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

answer

Federal agency established in June 1933 to promote industrial recovery The NRA encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions, set prices, and minimized competition. In practice large corporations developed codes that served primarily their own interests rather than those of workers or the economy

question

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

answer

Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression, in areas ranging from construction to the arts

question

Wagner Act

answer

1935 law that guaranteed industrial workers the right to organize into unions also known as the National Labor Relations Act Following passage of the act union membership skyrocketed to 30 percent of the workforce the highest in American History

question

Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)

answer

Coalition of mostly unskilled workers (later called Congress of Industrial Organizations) formed in 1935 that mobilized massive union organizing drives in major industries By 1941, through the CIO-affiliated United Auto Workers, organizers had overcome violent resistance to unionize the entire automobile industry

question

Social Security

answer

New Deal program created in August 1935 that was designed to provide a modest income for elderly people. The act also created unemployment insurance with modest benefits. Social Security provoked sharp opposition from conservatives and the wealthy

question

court packing plan

answer

law proposed by Franklin Roosevelt to add one new Supreme Court justice for each existing judge who had served for ten years and who was over the age of seventy. Roosevelt wanted to pack the Court up to six New Dealers who could protect New Deal legislation, but the Senate defeated the bill in 1937

question

Good Neighbor Policy

answer

Foreign policy announced by Franklin Roosevelt in 1933 that promised the United States would not interfere in the internal or external affairs of another country thereby ending US military interventions in Latin America

question

Neutrality Acts

answer

Legislation passed in 1935 and 1937 that sought to avoid entanglement in foreign wars while protecting trade The 1937 act prohibited selling arms to nations to pay cash for nonmilitary goods and to transport them in their own ships

question

appeasement

answer

British strategy aimed at avoiding war with Germany in the late 1930s by not objecting to Hitler's policy of territorial expansion

question

Lend-lease Act

answer

Legislation in 1941 that enabled Britain to obtain arms from the US without cash but with the promise to reimburse the US when the war ended. It reflected Roosevelt's desire to assist the British in any way possible

question

Internment Camps

answer

Makeshift prison camps to which Americans of Japanese descent were sent as a result of Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, issued in February 1942. 1944 Supreme Court upheld this blatant violation of constitutional right as a military necessity

question

Selective Service Act

answer

Law enacted in 1940 requiring all men who would be eligible for a military draft to register in preparation for the possibility of a future conflict; prohibited discrimination based on race or color

question

Battle of Midway

answer

June 3-6 1942 naval base in the Central Pacific in which American forces surprised and defeated the Japanese who had been massing an invasion force aimed at Midway Island. The Battle put the Japanese at a disadvantage for the rest of the war

question

Double V campaign

answer

World War II campaign in America to attack racism at home and abroad. it pushed the federal government to require defense contractors to integrate their workforces. In response, Franklin Roosevelt authorized a committee to investigate and prevent racial discrimination and employment

question

GI Bill of Rights

answer

Legislation passed in 1944 authorizing the government to provide World War II veterans with funds for education, housing, and health care as well as loans to start businesses and buy homes

question

D Day

answer

June 6, 1944 the date of the Allied Invasion of Northern France. largest amphibious assault in world history The invasion opened a second front against the Germans and moved the allies closer to victory in Europe

question

Manhattan Project

answer

top secret project authorized by Franklin Roosevelt in 1942 to develop an atomic bomb ahead of the Germans The thousand of Americans who worked on the project at Los Alamos , New Mexico succeeded in producing a successful atomic bomb by July 1945

question

How does the Triangle Fire reflect important issues of the Progressive Period: immigration, industry and labor conflict, women's rights and suffrage, the power of the press and any additional issues you see as important to the period.

answer

Most of the workers who worked for the Triangle Shirtwaist company were paid low wages the working conditions were dangerous. Most of the garment workers were teenage girls and many of them were Jewish and Italian Immigrants. The press covered the memorial and the aftermath of the fire in the newspaper which was the fuel for the Supreme Court overruling of Muller v. Oregon. Josephine Goldmark and Rose Schneiderman put together sociological evidence that proved that long hours endangered women and therefore the entire human race. Working hours for women were limited to 10 hours. It also fueled the fight for women suffrage. Involvement in social reform inevitably led to support for woman suffrage

question

World War I US neutrality

answer

The US remained neutral in World War I because Woodrow Wilson believed that the war engaged no vital American interest and involved no significant principle. The US entered the war because Germany allowed unrestricted submarine warfare even after the sinking of the Lusitania in which they promised to use restricted submarine warfare. Wilson did not get any criticism for entering the war. In fact, people were pushing for the war to happen

question

The Roaring twenties

answer

The roaring twenties challenged traditional values because Americans were more rich and they were living more lavish lifestyles. They drank more. They threw more parties and women were more rebellious. They were smoking a lot more than they were in other generations of American women.

HIST 222 Exam 2 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards