question

Describe the population decline in Europe in terms of causes and possible results.

answer

Europe birth rate is dropping and most of the European countries had a birth rate under 2 kids per woman. This is caused by: high unemployment ---> making it harder to form a family women having the possibility of career advancement mother hood postponed because of career

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Single European Act of 1986

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Laid down a detailed legal framework for establishing a single market

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Why has Europe experienced massive (often illegal) immigration in recent years - and how have Europeans responded to this immigration surge?

answer

The Europeans tried to limit it as much as possible this flow of illegal immigrant. Immigrants are in fact very attracted to Europe's wealth and opportunities and hope to experienced the European way of life and get out of Poverty

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Ostalgie

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Is a German term referring to nostalgia for aspects of life in East Germany. I

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Globalization

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The emergence of a freer, more technology connected global economy, with a worldwide exchange of cultural political and religious ideas.

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The "velvet divorce" refers to

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The division of Czechoslovakia into two states. (The Czech rep; Slovakia)

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"Euro" refers to

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Expected to replace national currencies after the turn of the century, the Euro is the next step in the economic and political integration of Europe; it has not been enthusiastically received by the average citizen. (The new european unified currency)

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The biggest profits in Russia were made by those with connections to

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The natural resource wealth of Russia has been ruthlessly expropriated by those with connections to the old regime and to the new power brokers in Russia, including the Russian Mafia. (Oil industry)

question

According to the text, many European intellectuals see Europe's mission in the 21st century as

answer

Promoting human rights, democracy, and prosperity outside Europe.

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Maastricht Treaty of 1990

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Laid the base to the financial criteria necessary to be part of the European Union

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Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution

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Was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia. T

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Paris Accord of 1990

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Was an European agreement to resume the cold war

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World Trade Organization

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Is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations

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Nongovernmental organizations

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Is a not-for-profit organization that is independent from states and international governmental organizations. They are usually funded by donations but some avoid formal funding run by volunteers

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Multiculturalism

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Is the co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviours, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles.

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"Euro" currency

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is deposits in banks that are located outside the borders of the country that issue the currency the deposit is denominated in.

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War on Terror

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The ongoing campaign by the United States and some of its allies to counter international terrorism; also called war on terrorism

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Climate Change

answer

A change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.

question

Slobodan Milosevic

answer

President of Serbia from 1989 to 1997 and President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000, charged with war crime for slaughtering minoritys

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Boris Yeltsin

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Radical communist sought to change completely the system and dismantle soviet union

question

Vladimir Putin

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The president of Russia since 2000. Putin served in the KGB, the secret police for the former Soviet Union, then entered politics after the collapse of communism. In 1999, Russian president Boris Yeltsin appointed Putin prime minister, his fifth in seventeen months.

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Jacques Chirac

answer

French President, elected by frustrated french voters

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Saddam Hussein

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Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran; his invasion of

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Kosovo Liberation Army

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Military organization formed in 1998 by Kosovar militants who sought independence from serbia

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European union

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The economic, cultural and political alliance of 27 european nations

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Disporas

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Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands

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Arab springs

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A series of popular revolts in several countries

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How did the events at the close of World War II contribute to the emergence of the Cold War, and how did the U.S.-Soviet rivalry affect life in Europe?

answer

- deep tensions between the victorious superpowers - war-torn continent was already divided militarily - Germany became the epicenter of an East-West Cold War - dependent communist dictatorships in easter Europe - US instituted a policy of containment - US and western Europe joined NATO - Soviet nations formed a similar group called the Warsaw Pact - competition for military, economic, technological superiority - surge in scientific innovation

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Why were the Teheran and Yalta conferences important in shaping the map of postwar Europe?

answer

Because it determined the outcome of the war and because it strengthened the Russian-American-British Alliance that helped win the war. Also it gave too much influence and power to Stalin which resulted in the occupation of the Eastern territories and later the cold war.

question

What are the sources of the Soviet Union's paranoia about Germany and vice versa?

answer

The Soviet Union had been through two German invasions and believed that only a completely communist state would be a dependable ally as a free-elected government would get int the way. He feared that a free Germany might ally with other eastern countries and overthrow his regime.

question

NATO

answer

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (fight against Russia/Bolshevism)

question

Warsaw Pact

answer

Pact signed to tighten his hold on eastern Europe country and unite them as part of Russia

question

Why did science become Big Science in the postwar era? What is the purpose of Big Science?

answer

It became big science because it occured as a result of industrializaion. the purpose of big scince was to improve and create new scientific discoveries for the further projects and tests.

question

How has the rise of Big Science altered the lives of modern scientists?

answer

The rise of big science really paved way for large scale government projects. because of this, the idea of large projects have since been adopted by governments such as ours today,

question

How did Europe accomplish economic recovery after the war? What factors contributed to its growth?

answer

The marshall and truman doctrine from america helped europe economically stablize, they led to its growth as the european economy was recovering and thus increase better quality lifestyle.

question

Describe the steps taken toward European economic unity. What impact does this unity have on the European and world economy?

answer

EEC and the CAP are introduced. brings togehter the economies of many countries mostly on the western side.

question

Was nationalism completely dead in postwar Europe?

answer

No it was not dead, and Charles de gaulle was a general in World War II that established the fifth republic and became the leader.

question

Evaluate Stalin's postwar policy and actions. Why were many Russian nationalists disappointed in them? How would you judge Stalin's place in Soviet history?

answer

Stalin kept killing people and did not really change from his dictator rule. people were dissapointed in his actions as they really did not change russia much except for economically at the dismay of millions of deaths.

question

What was the pattern of postwar rebuilding and development in the Soviet Union and communist eastern Europe?

answer

The USSR moved to a rigid dictatorship but when Stalin does in 1953 there was some reform

question

Describe the circumstances surrounding Khrushchev's famous Twentieth Party Congress speech in 1956. What were the results of his policy?

answer

The speech ended the crisis in cuba and let the united states breath a sigh of relief so it could finally creates its fullest potential as a world power.

question

What were the reasons for Khrushchev's fall from power and the beginning of the re-Stalinization of Russia in 1964?

answer

He fell from power because there was no really need for him n the government, after he was ousted from russian politics they called for restalinatization to bring back the strong enthusiasm russia once had.

question

What impact did the Second World War have on peoples' opinions about imperialism and European empires?

answer

The feeling of imperialism and nationalism as a whole died down as people realized it wasnt really a good way to improve situations.

question

What circumstances led to the postwar colonial independence movements, and how did the Cold War influence the process?

answer

- colonized people moved toward self-determination and racial equality - World War II dreamed Europe of military and economic strength - this strength is what allowed them to maintain a hold on their colonies - Europe began to question their moral authority - colonized people gained independence through peaceful negotiation with imperial powers - other nations only won independence after revolts or all-out wars - US and USSR struggled for influence - both provided economic aid and military arms - proxy wars and client states followed

question

How did large-scale changes in social structures and relations contribute to European stability on both sides of the iron curtain?

answer

Many jobs moved to managers or experts(engineers, accountants) in the Middle class for both the East and West Bloc. People of the Lower Class(farmers) moved to the cities in the East and West bloc. Guest worker programs opened in the west for immigration. Many people also moved to Europe from their former colonies(Postcolonial migration)

question

Displaced Persons

answer

Postwar refugees, including 13 million Germans, former Nazi prisoners and forced laborers and orphaned children

question

Nuremberg Trials

answer

Were a series of trials held between 1945 and 1949 in which the Allies prosecuted German military leaders, political officials, industrialists, and financiers for crimes they had committed during World War II

question

Cold War

answer

The rivalry between the Soviet Union amd the United States that divided much of Europe into a Soviet-aligned Communist blocs and a US-aligned capitalist bloc between 1945 and 1989

question

Teheran Conference

answer

a meeting between U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehran, Iran, between November 28 and December 1, 1943. Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill at the Tehran Conference.

question

Yalta Conference

answer

a meeting of British prime minister Winston Churchill, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt early in February 1945 as World War II was winding down.

question

Marshall Plan

answer

Was an American initiative to aid Western Europe

question

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)

answer

An economic association of Communist countries, established in 1949, to facilitate trade and development.

question

Berlin Blockade

answer

Was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post-World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control.

question

Christian Democrats

answer

Is a political ideology which emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of conservatism and Catholic social teaching, as well as Neo-Calvinism.

question

British Labour party

answer

A British political party, formed in 1900 as an amalgam of various trade unions and socialist groups, generally supporting the interests of organized labour and advocating democratic socialism and social equality

question

European Coal and Steel Community

answer

Was an international organisation serving to unify certain Continental European countries after World War II

question

Common Market (EEC)

answer

A name for the European Economic Community or European Union, used especially in the 1960s and 1970s.

question

Consumer Revolution

answer

Time period during which the desire for exotic imports increased dramatically due to economic expansion and population growth

question

De-Stalinization

answer

The policy of eradicating the memory or influence of Joseph Stalin and Stalinism, especially after 1956.

question

"Peaceful Coexistence"

answer

Term used by Khrushchev in 1963 to describe a situation in which the United States and Soviet Union would continue to compete economically and politically without launching a thermonuclear war.

question

Berlin Wall

answer

Fortified concrete and wire barrier that separated East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

question

Decolonization

answer

The act of getting rid of colonization, or freeing a country from being dependent on another country.

question

Nonalignment

answer

Not allied with other nations and especially with either the Communist or the non-Communist blocs

question

Guest Worker Programs

answer

Allows foreign workers to temporarily reside and work in a host country until a next round of workers is readily available to switch.

question

Josef Stalin

answer

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition

question

Winston Churchill

answer

An English political leader and author of the twentieth century; he became prime minister shortly after World War II began and served through the end of the war in Europe.

question

Franklin D. Roosevelt

answer

Instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II

question

Harry Truman

answer

He led the nation in the final months of World War II and made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.

question

Charles de Gaulle

answer

Was the dominant political leader and grand figurehead of France during and after World War II

question

Josip tito

answer

Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman

question

Nikita Khrushchev

answer

Led a campaign, called de-Stalinization, to remove the influence of the late premier Joseph Stalin from Soviet society.

question

Imre Nagy

answer

Hungarian statesman; prime minister (1953-55; 1956). He was removed from office and later executed when Soviet forces suppressed the revolution of 1956; reburied with honours in 1989.

question

John F. Kennedy

answer

His election began a period of great optimism in the United States

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