HIS – Ch. 11 – Flashcards
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Why were canals an important innovation in the early nineteenth century?
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They allowed cheaper transport because boats could support heavier loads.
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Which statement describes the effects of the first railroad lines in the United States?
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Railroads did not monopolize travel because lines were too short.
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Which group made up the bulk of the workforce in New England textile mills until the 1840s?
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Young women who hoped to gain more autonomy
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For workers in early Massachusetts factories, wages were
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low because workers were easily replaced.
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In the 1820s and 1830s, shoebinding, an important component of shoe manufacturing, was
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comparatively low-paying work performed by women at home.
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What role did bankers play in the economy of Jacksonian America?
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Bankers issued banknotes, which were theoretically backed by hard money.
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Lawyers of the 1820s and 1830s created the legal foundation for an economy that gave priority to
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individuals interested in maximizing their own wealth.
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How did Andrew Jackson and many of his followers hope to maximize economic opportunity?
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Jackson wanted to end government support for business.
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Which factor contributed to the panic of 1819?
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A contraction of the money supply
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What important transition in American politics took place during the Jacksonian era?
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Democratic rhetoric made it necessary for candidates to appeal to common people.
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Why did the number of white male voters increase between the elections of 1824 and 1828?
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Most states abolished property qualifications for voting.
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Why did newspapers become crucial to party politics in Jacksonian America?
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Many newspapers pushed an individual party's agenda.
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The election of 1828 saw which issue come to the forefront for the first time in a presidential campaign?
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The character of the candidates
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How did political leaders feel about political parties after 1828?
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Political created important party loyalty.
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Andrew Jackson set an important political precedent when he selected his cabinet by
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excluding members of political factions that were not loyal to him.
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As president, Andrew Jackson favored
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a limited federal government with an Indian removal policy.
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In 1830, President Jackson convinced Congress to pass legislation that
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forced Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi.
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What was the result of Black Hawk's resistance to removal from Illinois?
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The massacre of some 400 of his people
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What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832)?
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The laws of Georgia had no jurisdiction over the Cherokee.
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What was the infamous Trail of Tears?
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A 1,200-mile forced march of Cherokees who were expelled from their land
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The doctrine of nullification outlined by John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations argued that
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when Congress overstepped its powers, states had the right to nullify Congress's acts.
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What document did Calhoun cite as precedent for the doctrine of nullification?
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The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798
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How did President Jackson respond to South Carolina's threat of nullification?
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He sent armed ships to Charleston harbor.
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Why did Henry Clay and Daniel Webster convince the Bank of the United States to apply for an early renewal of its charter in 1832?
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To force Andrew Jackson into an unpopular veto
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How did his reelection in 1832 affect Jackson's view of the Bank of the United States?
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He ordered federal deposits removed from its vaults.
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Despite the economic turmoil of Jackson's second administration, from 1835 to 1837, for the first and only time in U.S. history,
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the government had a surplus of money.
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In Advice to American Women, Mrs. A. J. Graves offered support for which new idea about gender relations in Jacksonian America?
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Men and women occupy separate spheres in American society.
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What changed after 1815 to strengthen the idea of separate spheres and separate duties for men and women?
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Men's work increasingly brought cash to the household.
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How did the spread of public schools in the 1820s and 1830s change teaching?
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More school districts hired women as cheap instructors.
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What happened to most boys who did not remain on the farm during the 1820s and 1830s?
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They left school at the age of fourteen to become an apprentice or a clerk.
