question

As a Christian king responsible for ruling a Christian society, Charlemagne:

answer

took responsibility for sustaining the religious life of his kingdom just as he reformed its government.

question

Byzantine monasteries were deeply involved in the Iconoclast Controversy because:

answer

they were major producers of icons, so they supported the use of images in the faith.

question

Charlemagne was able to contain Umayyad power in Europe by:

answer

maintaining diplomatic and trade relations with its rival the Abbasid Caliphate.

question

In the Middle Ages, the three heirs of Roman civilization were:

answer

Byzantium, the Islamic Empire, and the territories of western Europe.

question

In the early Middle Ages, the most significant cause of economic instability in Western Europe was:

answer

that urban infrastructure, markets, and plantations could not be maintained.

question

One difference between Islam and Christianity is that:

answer

Islam has no sacraments or priests.

question

The Byzantine economy in the early Middle Ages was:

answer

highly regulated, including wage and price controls

question

The Carolingian Empire collapsed during the ninth century:

answer

because of the division of the empire among all the legitimate heirs of Louis and the Frankish aristocracy's dissatisfaction with the fractured central authority.

question

The early Byzantine religion was known for its:

answer

intense interest in matters of doctrine and orthodoxy

question

The global pandemic that broke out in 541-42 has recently been identified by researchers as being:

answer

related to the bacterium that caused the Black Death.

question

The stability of the Byzantine government was the product of:

answer

an efficient bureaucracy

question

Underlying the Carolingian Renaissance was the basic conviction that:

answer

education was necessary for Christian salvation.

question

While Pope Gregory's papacy advanced the power and doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church greatly, a negative consequence of his papacy was:

answer

his articulation of a formalpolicy of persecution against Jewish people

question

Why were so many convents founded during the seventh century C.E.?

answer

Convents met a variety of social and spiritual needs for aristocratic families.

question

As the Carolingian administration broke down:

answer

local petty lords built castles to protect their smaller territories and followers.

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Beginning in the eleventh century, climate change favored:

answer

agricultural production in northern Europe

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Central to the establishment of feudal ties was the:

answer

exchange of land for military loyalty or service.

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In 1099 the Crusaders:

answer

seized Jerusalem, slaughtering many Muslim, Christian, and Jewish residents of the city.

question

Partly as a result of the Crusades, Europe:

answer

learned much from the Islamic world that shaped European civilization in the twelfth century and beyond.

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The Investiture Conflict was finally resolved by a compromise known as the:

answer

Concordat of Worms.

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The Islamic world produced some of the best-known poets in the world, among which is:

answer

Umar Khayyam.

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The effect of the crusades on the Muslim world:

answer

was not profound.

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The expansion of the Byzantine Empire during the tenth and early eleventh centuries was assisted by:

answer

Christian missionary activity in the Balkans.

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The greatest economic consequence of the Crusades was:

answer

the wealth gained by Venice and Genoa.

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The merging of small individual land holdings into larger, common fields that could be worked by a whole village resulted in the emergence of:

answer

manors.

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The most lasting consequence of the First Crusade was:

answer

the escalation of Christian and Muslim ideas of holy war.

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The new class of lords that arose after 900:

answer

were often descended from Carolingian officeholders.

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The tenth century was known for ineffective kingship throughout Europe and:

answer

local bishops who treated church lands as their own property.

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The three-field system of crop rotation had all of the following advantages except:

answer

aiding the development of individual rather than common fields.

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What was one of the greatest challenges that faced the Christian kingdom of Jerusalem after 1099?

answer

encouraging crusaders to stay and defend the new kingdom

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During the period of the Crusades, the Byzantine Empire was weakened considerably by:

answer

the opening up of new, direct trade routes between the wealthy East and western Europe.

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During the twelfth century, the central act of Christian worship became:

answer

The Mass

question

Henry II came into conflict with the church because:

answer

he believed that clerics who committed serious crimes should be tried in royal courts.

question

King John signed the Magna Carta:

answer

to define the rights of nobles and limit his power, doing so only because his barons forced him into it.

question

Medieval romances were:

answer

engaging tales of knightly adventures.

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Perhaps some of the focus on the status and role of noblewomen in places such as Scandinavia, southern Europe, or Aquitaine could be seen in:

answer

the evolution of the queen in the game of chess.

question

Saint Thomas Aquinas seems to have:

answer

believed that the study of the physical universe was a way to learn about God.

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The Crusades did manage to:

answer

establish four major but fragile Crusader States

question

The ___ Crusade saw three European kings personally join in the Crusade.

answer

Third

question

The evolving new chivalry was appealing to knights because:

answer

it helped them differentiate themselves from merchants and clerics, who were competing with them for power and influence in society.

question

The most representative genre of literature reflecting the increasingly urban culture of the High Middle Ages was the:

answer

fabliau.

question

The rapid growth of monastic orders, such as the Cistercians, during the twelfth century meant that more men were becoming monks and that:

answer

a religiously engaged laity was supporting the Church through the donation of money and lands.

question

The religious order that became associated with the administration of the Inquisition was the:

answer

Dominicans

question

Unlike Parliament in England, the French Parlement never played a significant role in the evolution of the French government because:

answer

the French nobility successfully remained exempted from taxes.

question

Dante's Divine Comedy depicts the poet's mythical journey through:

answer

hell, purgatory, and heaven

question

Holding legitimate and unchallenged authority over a defined territory is one definition of:

answer

sovereignty.

question

In 1258, Mongols destroyed one of the most important and long-lasting centers of knowledge in the world, ___________.

answer

the library at Alexandria

question

In the early phase of the Hundred Years' War, the English:

answer

were better organized and defeated the French at Crécy and Calais.

question

One of the reasons why the Black Death was so deadly was likely:

answer

that the Yersinia pestis bacterium of the Middle Ages was particularly virulent.

question

Louis IX's crusades:

answer

helped him claim the legacy of Charlemagne as the protector of the Church.

question

One response to the plague was:

answer

the flagellant movement.

question

People thought the plague might be caused by bad air so:

answer

they fled stricken areas and therefore actually helped it spread more rapidly.

question

Perhaps ______ of Europe's population died between 1347 and 1353.

answer

between 30 and 50 percent

question

The Black Death advanced:

answer

2 miles a day

question

The Golden Horde was the:

answer

Mongol dynasty that controlled Muscovy.

question

The Mongol leader who unified the Mongols and laid the basis for the Mongol Empire was:

answer

Temujin.

question

The introduction of mechanical clocks in European towns resulted in:

answer

time becoming more rigid and less flexible.

question

The theological system called nominalism was based on William of Ockham's fundamental insight that:

answer

human knowledge of God depends on what God reveals through scripture.

question

The sacraments of the Church:

answer

were the foundation of late medieval popular piety.

question

It was more difficult for serfs to improve their economic and social status because

answer

serfs were illiterate, and literacy was required for social and economic mobility.

question

The enormous legacy of Muslim learning for European commerce, literature and science is most clearly seen in the

answer

introduction of a large number of Arabic and Persian words into European languages

question

Prior to Muhammad beginning to teach his prophecy and his new faith, Arabic peoples:

answer

had the concept of Allah as one of several gods.

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