Health 290 Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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Define governmental health agency and give an example
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Health agencies that have authority for certain duties or tasks outlined by the governmental bodies that oversee them. Ex: a local health department has the authority to protect, promote, and enhance the health of people living in a specific geological area. It was given this authority by the country, city,or township that oversees it.
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Who are government health agencies primarily managed by?
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Government employees
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How are governmental health agencies primarily funded?
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Tax dollars
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At how many levels do government exist and what are the levels?
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4 -international -national -state -local (city and county)
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Define quasi-governmental health agency and give an example
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A health agency that possess characteristics of both governmental and non governmental health agencies. Ex: American Red Cross
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List the official responsibilities of the American Red Cross
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-providing relief to victims of natural disasters (Disaster Services) -serving as a liason between members of the active armed forces and their families during emergencies (Services to the Armed Forces and Veterans) -also provides non governmental servies like blood drives and safety services classes
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How to quasi-governmental health agencies obtain funding?
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-community fundraising (United Way) -special allocations from government bodies -fees for services rendered -donations
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Define nongovernmental health agency and give an example
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Health agencies that operate, for the most part, free from governmental interference as long as they comply with certain regulations
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How are nongovernmental health agencies funded?
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-private donations -in terms of professional and service groups, membership fees
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5 subgroups of nongovernmental health agencies and examples
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-Voluntary: American Cancer Society -Philanthropic: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation -Service: Fraternal Order of the Police -Religious: Catholics' Relief Fund -Professional: national- American Public Health Association. local- check for yours
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Why are voluntary health agencies created? give examples of agencies
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interested citizens noticed unmet needs in their communites (unfulfilled by governmental or quasi-governmental agencies) and came together to make change Ex. American Cancer Society, American Heart Association
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Purpose of a professional association/organization
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promote the high standards of professional practice for their respective professions, thereby improving the health of society by improving the people in the profession
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Benefits derived for membership in a professional organization
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-gives members the opportunity to share and hear the new research findings -network with fellow professionals -find out more about the latest equipment and published materials in the field -develop a professional identity -leadership development -keep up-to-date on the profession
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Primary professional associations/organizations and coalitions associated with health ed/prom
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-The American Academy of Health Behavior -SHAPE America -American Association for Health Education (AAHE) (disbanded) -American College Health Association (ACHA) -American Public Health Association (APHA) -American School Health Association (ASHA) -Eta Sigma Gamma (ESG) -International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) -Society for Public Health Education, Inc, (SOPHE) -National Wellness Institute (NWI)
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National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc. mission and purpose
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to enhance the professional practice of Health Education by promoting and sustaining a credentialed body of Health Education Specialists. Purpose is to develop and administer a national competency-based examination; develop standards for professional preparation; and promote professional development through continuing education for health education professionals
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4 primary activities of voluntary health orgainzations
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1. To raise money to fund their programs (mostly research) 2. To provide education to both professionals and the public 3. To provide services to those individuals and families that are afflicted with disease 4. To advocate for beneficial policies, laws, and regulations that affect the work of the agency and the people they are trying to help
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Oldest and largest professional health association in the United States
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The American Public Health Association (APHA)
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what do Philanthropic Foundations do
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fund programs, research on prevention, control, and treatment of diseases and other health problems
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Definition of Philanthropy
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altruistic concern for human welfare and advancement, usually manifested by donations of money, property, or work to needy persons, by endowment of institutions of learning and hospitals, and by generosity to other socially useful purposes
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How do philanthropic foundations differ from voluntary health agencies?
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1. created with an endowment so they do not need to raise money 2. able to finance long term projects that may be too expensive or risky to be funded by other agencies
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Examples of Philanthropic Foundations:
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the Ford Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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what do Service, Fraternal and Religious Groups do
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Primary purpose is not to enhance the health of the community but they get involved in health-related projects
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Examples of service and fraternal groups:
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Rotary international (world wide polio eradication), Lions Club (preservation of sight), Shriners (children's hospitals), American Legion (community recreation programs)
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Religious group examples
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Catholics' Relief Fund, Protestants' One Great Hour of Sharing, food pantries, soup kitchens,
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what do Professional Health Associations/Organizations do
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to Promote high standards of professional practice for their respective profession, thereby improving the health of society by improving the people in the profession
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How do Professional Health Associations carry out their mission?
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advocating for the profession, keeping members up to date via professional journals, books and newsletters, providing the members with an avenue to come together at professional meetings
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Benefits of joining a professional association/organization:
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-Opportunity to interact, collaborate, and network with other professionals in the profession -Opportunity to meet and interact with health education/promotion students and faculty from other colleges and universities -Develop professional colleagues -Have a Professional Identity -Leadership development -Advocacy alerts and updates -Get connected to job banks -More listed on page 262, Box 8.1
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How are professional organizations funded?
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Primarily by membership dues, less commonly by grant funds
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Professional organization
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member driven and composed
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SHAPE America
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-alliance of 5 national associations -6 district associations and a research consortium -Began in 1885 to discuss mutual interests and concerns regarding physical training Original Purpose: to disseminate knowledge, to improve methods, and to bring those interested in the subject into close relationship with each other
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AAHE (American Association for Health Education)
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-Membership is open to to all health education specialists regardless of work setting -Current membership: ~6500 -Mission: to advance the profession by serving health educators and other professionals who strive to promote the health of all people through education and other systematic changes -Publications: American Journal of Health Education (AJHE): bimonthly, research, can get CECH credit, The International Electronic Journal of Health Education (IEJHE) Newsletter: InfoSource: twice a month, info on meetings, information, etc
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American Public Health Association:
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-the oldest, most diverse organization of public health professionals in the world -founded in 1872 to combat yellow fever and other diseases -Mission: improve the health of the public and achieve equity in health status -Over 50,000 members -Primary Publication: American Journal of Public Health (AJPH): monthly, peer reviewed journal The Nation's Health: published 10 times per year, newspaper -Also publishes books
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American College Health Association:
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-originally American Student Health Association (change in 1948) -Mission: to provide advocacy, education, communications, products, and services, as well as promote research and culturally competent practices to enhance its members' ability to advance the health of all students and the campus community -3 Types of Membership: for higher ed institutions, individual members interested in college health, sustaining members (associations, organizations, and corporations interested in college health) -11 regional affiliate organizations -Journal: Journal of American College Health. Bimonthly.
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American School Health Association:
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-founded as American Association of School Physicians in 1927, name change in 1936 -Mission: to build the capacity of its members to plan, develop, coordinate, implement, evaluate, and advocate for effective school health strategies that contribute to optimal health and academic outcomes for all children and youth. -Members: individuals and institutions with an interest in the health of school aged children and youth -Journal: Journal of School Health: published 12x per year. -Organization is multidisciplinary
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National Wellness Institute:
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-Founded in 1977 -Mission: to serve the professionals and organizations that promote optimal health and wellness in individuals and communities -Three types of membership: Individual, organizational, and student -Health Promotion Practitioner (bimonthly newsletter), International Wellness Connection (series of monthly essays), Wellness Management (newsletter) -Peer reviewed: American Journal of Health Promotion -National Wellness Conference: held yearly in Wisconsin
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Society for Public Health Education:
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-Founded in 1950 -only professional organization solely for public health ed and promotion -Mission: to provide global leadership to the profession of health education and health promotion and to promote the health of society -Peer Reviewed journals: Health Education and Behavior (bimonthly, focuses on research), Health Promotion Practice (quarterly, information on health programming) -Two newsletters: News & Views (online, 6x per year, printed 2x per year), News U Can Use (weekly online newsletter -Yearly conference set weekend before APHA conference in same city
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International Union for Health Promotion and Education:
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-Founded in 1951 in Paris -Mission: to promote global health and to contribute to the achievement of equity in health between and within countries of the world -8 regional offices -International conference every 3 years -Global Health Promotion: quarterly, official journal -publishes 6 other journals
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American Academy of Health Behavior:
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-Founded in 1997 -Mission: to serve as the research home for health behavior scholars and researchers whose primary commitment is to excellence in research and the application of research to practice to improve the public's health -must apply for membership: acceptance based on scholarly activity -Journal: American Journal of Health Behavior (bimonthly)
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Eta Sigma Gamma
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-National Health Education honorary -Founded in 1967 -Primary purpose: "furthering the professional competence and dedication of individual members of the health education/promotion profession" -Basic purposes: teaching, research, service -Must join in college to be a member -Must have major or minor in health education - Journal: The Health Educator -The Health Education Monograph Series - one issue a year contains only student member articles -Online Newsletter: The Vision
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Joining a Professional Health Association/Organization:
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complete an application send in money for dues (Most people pay annually. A State or Regional organization is cheaper than a national organization)
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Define the DHPE
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Directors of Health Promotion and Education; You must be a state/territorial/ Indian Health official in order to join. Their mission is to strengthen public health capacity in policy and systems change to improve the health of all and achieve health equity
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Define the Society of State Leaders of Health and Physical Education
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it is a "professional association whose members supervise and coordinate programs in health, physical education, and related fields within state departments of education. Associate members are those who are interested in the topic but do not work in a state education agency."
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What is the mission of the Society of State Leaders of Health and Physical Education?
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To use "advocacy, partnerships, professional development, and resources to build capacity of school health leaders to implement effective health education and physical education policies and practices that support success in school, work, and life."
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Coalition of National Health Education Organizations
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Nonprofit federation of organizations dedicated to advancin the health education/promotion profession. Comprised of representatives (delegates and alternates) from six national associations/organizations with identifiable health education specialist memberships and ongoing health education/promotion programs.
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5 main purposes of the CNHEO
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1) To strengthen communications among member organizations as well as between the health education profession and policy makers, other professions, and consumers 2) Develop, implement, and evaluate a shared vision and plan for health education and the profession 3) To educate policy makers on the need for federal and state public policies that support healthy behavior and communities 4) To collaborate on common issues, problems, and concerns related to health education 5) Increase the visibility of the health education profession and its member organizations
