GRQ 15 – Flashcards
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The RNA that has the amino acid attached to it and that binds to the codon on the mRNA
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tRNA
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_______ of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA
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termination
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Amino acids are attached to the tRNA by enzymes called ___________
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aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
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________ of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA
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Initiation
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The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called
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translation
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Which of the following statements about translation in prokaryotes are true?
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In eukaryotes, mRNAs are much longer lived than prokaryotes
In eukaryotes, most mRNAs exist for hours rather than minutes prior to degradation by nucleases in the cell; thus they remain available much longer to orchestrate protein synthesis.
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Once elongation is under way, tRNAs involved in the process occupy a series of sites on the complexed ribosome . The occupation of sites occur in the following order
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A, P ,E
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When a peptide bond is formed between 2 amino acids, one is attached to the tRNA occupying the P site and the other is
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attached to the tRNA occupying the A site
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Assume that a base addition occurs early in the coding region of a gene. Is the protein product of this gene expected to have more or fewer altered amino acids compared with the original gene with a base deletion late in the coding region?
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more
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Which region of a tRNA molecule binds to amino acids?
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3' end
The 3′ end of a tRNA molecule contains the amino acid binding site.
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Which of the following statements best describes the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
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It attaches a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase catalyzes the charging reaction that links a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule.
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True of false? Each aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is specific for one amino acid and a small number of tRNAs
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True
Each aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme recognizes only one amino acid, but each enzyme can often recognize several tRNAs because there is usually more than one codon for each amino acid.
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True or false? The ribosome moves down the mRNA in the 3' to 5' direction.
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False
The ribosome moves down the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and synthesizes protein in the direction of carboxyl terminus to amino terminus.
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A protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the number of nucleotides in the section of DNA that codes for this protein?
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1800
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In eukaryotic cells, the processes of protein synthesis occur in different cellular locations.
Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to identify where in the cell each process associated with protein synthesis takes place.
1. nucleus-->
2. cytoplasm--->
3. free ribosomes--->
4. chromatin--->
5. ribosomes--->
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1. formation of ribosomal subunits
2. attachment of an amino acid to tRNA
3. translation of cytoplasmic proteins
4. transcription and RNA processing
5. translation of secreted proteins
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What is utilized in transcription/RNA processing?
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snRNA, pre-mRNA
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What is utilized in translation?
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rRNA,tRNA, mature mRNA
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What is not used in protein synthesis?
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RNA primers
