Grasp Patterns – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Power Grips
answer
Involve the use of the entire hand. The thumb is held flexed or abducted to the other fingers (depending on control requirements). Used when strength is needed. Includes Spherical, cylindrical and disk grasps
question
Nonprehensile movements
answer
Involve pushing or lifting an object with the fingers or the entire hand.
question
Prehensile movements
answer
Grasps used on an object.
question
Cylindrical Grasp
answer
Entire palmar surface of the hand grasping around a cylindrical-shaped object. Involves finger flexors, intrinsic muscles and thumb flexors and abductors. Ex: grasping a hammer or a baseball bat
question
Spherical Grasp
answer
Significant wrist extension, finger abduction and flexion of MCP and IP joints along with stability of the longitudinal arch. Ex: holding a ball
question
Disk Grasp
answer
Graded finger abduction according to size of object along with hyperextension of the MCP joints and flexion of the IP joints. Ex: holding a CD
question
Hook Grasp
answer
Gripping like a hook formed by flexed fingers without thumb involvement. Generally static for a period of time. Ex: carrying a suitcase
question
Three-Jaw Chuck Grasp
answer
Opposition of thumb simultaneously to index and middle fingers. Ex: picking up a block
question
Tip Pinch
answer
Opposition of the thumb tip and the tip of the index finger. Used to obtain very small objects. Dissociation of the 2 sides of the hand. Ex: picking up a pin
question
Pincer Grasp
answer
Opposition of the thumb to the index finger. Allows control of objects with radial finger pads while controlling thumb opposition. Ex: picking up cereal
question
Lateral Pinch
answer
Used to exert power on or with a small object. Involves controlling the index finger while adducting and flexing the thumb. Ex: turning a key
question
10 weeks gestation to 6 months
answer
Palmar grasp (reflex)
question
6 months
answer
Radial palmar grasp
question
6 to 9 months
answer
Grasp patterns with active thumb use
question
7 months
answer
Crude raking
question
8 to 9 months
answer
Radial digital grasp
question
9 to 12 months
answer
Thumb/finger pad refinement
question
12 to 15 months
answer
Increased control of intrinsic muscles
question
18 months to 3 years
answer
Disk, cylindrical and spherical grasp
question
3 to 5 years
answer
Power grasps
question
Voluntary Release
answer
Intentional letting go of a handheld object at a specific time and place. Child initially stabilizes on surface to release then learns to release without stabilizing.
question
6 to 7 months
answer
Child initially stabilizes on surface
question
1 year
answer
Release pattern is refined. Child learns to modulate force and demonstrate stacking.
question
Finger-to-palm translation
answer
Grasping the object with the pads of the fingers and thumb and moving it into the palm. Linear movement in the hand. Fingers move from an extended position to a more flexed position. Ex: picking up a coin with finger and transferring it to hand
question
Palm-to-finger translation
answer
Reverse of finger-to-palm translation. Requires isolated control of the thumb and use of a pattern beginning with finger flexion and moving towards extension. More difficult to execute. Ex: transferring a coin from palm to finger to use in a vending machine
question
Finger-to-palm translation
answer
Develop by 12 to 15 months of age
question
Palm-to-finger translation
answer
Develop by 2 to 2.5 years with simple rotation
question
Shifting
answer
Involves linear movement of the object of the finger surface to allow for repositioning of the object of the pads of the fingers. Slight movement at MCP and IP joints while thumb remains opposed or adducted with MCP and IP extension. Object held on radial side of hand. Ex: separating two pieces of paper, buttoning etc...
question
Shifting
answer
Inconsistently used by 3 to 3.5 years
question
Simple rotation
answer
Involves turning or rolling an object held at the finger pads approximately 90 degrees or less. Fingers act as a unit (little or no differentiation of action is shown among them) and thumb is in an opposed position. Ex: unscrewing a small bottle cap
question
Complex rotation
answer
Involves the rotation of an object 180 to 360 degrees once or repetitively. Fingers and thumb alternate in producing the movement and fingers move independently of one another. Ex: turning a pencil to use eraser
question
6 to 12 months bilateral hand skills
answer
Holds or carries large ball with two hands.
question
3 to 5 years bilateral hand skills
answer
Stabilizes paper during coloring or writing
question
3 to 5 years bilateral hand skills
answer
Holds paper during scissors use.
question
6+ years bilateral hand skills
answer
Manipulates paper during scissor use.
question
6 to 12 months tool use
answer
Scribbles with marker.
question
1 to 2 years tool use
answer
Copies appropriate forms.
question
3 years scissor use
answer
Uses scissors to cut lines.
question
4 years scissor use
answer
Uses scissors to cut simple shapes.
question
6+ years scissor use
answer
Uses scissors to cut complex shapes.
question
6 to 12 months reach
answer
Moves both arms in full range of motion. Reaches to midline, extends elbow.
question
1 to 2 years reach
answer
Reaches across midline.
question
6 to 12 months grasp
answer
Uses full palmar grasp.
question
9 months grasp
answer
Uses radial-digital grasp.
question
10 months grasp
answer
Uses standard pincer grasp.
question
1 to 2 years grasp
answer
Uses spherical and intrinsic plus grasp.
question
3 to 5 years grasp
answer
Uses power grasp on tools.
question
6 to 12 months release
answer
Releases objects freely.
question
1-2 years release
answer
Releases 1-inch object into container. Stacks 1-inch blocks (2-6 blocks). Releases tiny objects into small hole.
question
3 to 5 years release
answer
Stacks 1-inch blocks (9-10 blocks). Throws small ball at least 3 feet.
question
6+ years release
answer
Stacks 1-inch blocks (10+ blocks).
question
6 to 12 months in-hand manipulation
answer
Manipulates objects between two hands.
question
1 to 2 years in-hand manipulation
answer
Uses finger-to-palm translation, small objects.
question
2 years in-hand manipulation
answer
Uses palm-to-finger translation.
question
2 years in-hand manipulation
answer
Unscrews bottle top.
question
3 to 5 years in-hand manipulation
answer
Uses shift to separate magazine pages or cards. Rolls piece of clay into a ball.
question
4 years in-hand manipulation
answer
Picks up marker or crayon using rotation.
question
5 years in-hand manipulation
answer
Shifts on marker or pencil.
question
6+ years in-hand manipulation
answer
Rotates pencil to use eraser and back.
