Grammar Cotidiana – Flashcards

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question
Certain verbs govern a [a] object instead of an accusative. Verbs of pleasing, [b], [c], [d], resisting, [e], [f], [g] and [h] generally take a [i] object.
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[a] dative [b] trusting [c] believing [d] persuading [e] commanding [f] obeying [g] serving [h] sparing [i] dative
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The [a] is used to express [b] when it is a property or [c] of the subject of the [d] verb. When the [e] is external to the subject, the prepositions [f] or [g] are preferred.
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[a] ablative [b] cause [c] characteristic [d] main [e] cause [f] propter [g] ob
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The phrase belli atque fortitudinis offers an example of [a], a rhetorical [b] of [c] in which two [d] linked by a [e] express [f] idea. The [g] enhances the thought here by giving equal emphasis to [h] and [i].
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[a] hendiadys [b] figure [c] speech [d] nouns [e] conjunction [f] one [g] hendiadys [h] bravery [i] war
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The word mille, "[a]," is an indeclinable [b]. A [c] genitive (genitive of the [d]) follows this noun.
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[a] thousand [b] adjective [c] partitive [d] whole
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Certain first and second declension adjectives have an -[a] ending in the genitive singular in [b] genders and an -[c] ending in the dative singular in all genders.
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[a] ius [b] all [c] i
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List the nine adjectives that take -ius in the genitive and -i in the dative.
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[u] nus [n] euter [u] ter [s] olus [n] ullus [a] lter [u] llus [t] otus [a] lius
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Cum can be either a [a] mearning "with" or a conjunction meaning "[b], [c], [d]." The preposition cum takes the [e] case while the conjuction cum takes a [f]. The presence of an [g] or a [h] in the vicinity of cum will help you determine the word's [i], and therefore which [j] to use.
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[a] preposition [b] when [c] since [d] although [e] ablative [f] verb [g] ablative [h] verb [i] function [j] meaning
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Predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives [a], [b], or [c] the [d] of the sentence. They are in the [e] case and are seen with a form of the verb [f], or with other intransitive verbs such as those that mean "[g]," "[h]," and "[i]." The final verb of the first sentence, "[j]," "are named," sets up the predicate nominatives Celtae and Galli.
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[a] rename [b] define [c] describe [d] subject [e] nominative [f] sum [g] appear [h] be made [i] be named [j] appellantur
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The genitive of the relative pronoun qui, quae, quod is most commonly translated "[a]." Sometimes, however, English usage dictates that the genitive be translated "[b]."
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[a] whose [b] of which
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Latin employs the subjunctive uch more [a] than English, in a wide variety of [b] types, and it uses special subjunctive verb forms rather than [c].
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[a] frequently [b] clause [c] auxiliaries
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A purpose clause is a [a] clause indicating the [b] or objective of the action in the [c] clause.
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[a] subordinate [b] purpose [c] main
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In contrast to the [a], the mood of actuality and factuality, the subjunctive is in general (though not always) the mood of [b], tentative, [c], ideal, or even [d] action.
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[a] indicative [b] potential [c] hypothetical [d] unreal
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[a] verbs like orior (in line 14 of the textbook), although [b] in form, translate [c] in all [d] and [e] tenses.
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[a] Deponent [b] passive [c] active [d] indicative [e] subjunctive
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As an adjective, ille means "[a]" or "[b]," but as a pronoun means "[c], [d], it, [e]." ADJECTIVE: pertinent ad illam partem fluminis Rheni. "They stretch to [f] part of the Rhine river." PRONOUN: Proximī sunt illīs, quī trāns Rhēnum incolunt "They are next to [g] (men) who live across the Rhine."
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[a] that [b] those [c] he [d] she [e] they [f] that [g] those
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In line 6 of Caesar's text in the book, [a] indicates the outward characteristics of [b] ([c], [d] of life, etc.). [e] indicates the [f] characteristics (refinement of [g] and [h], [i]).
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[a] cultus [b] civilization [c] dress [d] habits [e] humanitas [f] moral [g] thought [h] feeling [i] education
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You should have no difficulty recognizing a purpose clause: look for a [a] clause, introduced by [b] or [c], ending with a [d] verb, and answering the question "[e]?" or "[f]?"
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[a] subordinate [b] ut [c] ne [d] subjunctive [e] why [f] for what purpose
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In English conditional sentences that imagine actions that are contrary to the actual facts use the auxiliaries "[a]" and "[b]" to indicate the action described is only idea.
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[a] were [b] would
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The names of rivers in Latin are usually [a], including those that belong to the first declension, such as the Garumna, [b], and [c]. The [d] River forms the boundary between [e] and the Gaul Caesar calls [f]. The [g] River flows across [h] Gaul and with the [i] River forms a boundary with the [j].
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[a] masculine [b] Matrona [c] Sequana [d] Garonne [e] Aquitania [f] Celtic [g] Seine [h] northern [i] Marne [j] Belgians
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An ablative of [a] shows "in respect to" what something ir or is done. In Caesar's first sentence, lingua, institutis, legibus are ablatives of [b].
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[a] respect [b] respect
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List the subjunctive clauses in the order provided on page 187: [a] [b] [c] [d] [e] [f] [g] [h] noun clauses [i] [j]
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[a] jussive [b] purpose clause [c] result clause [d] indirect questions [e] cum clauses [f] proviso clauses [g] conditions [h] jussive [i] relative clauses of characteristic [j] fear
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English often employs an [a] to express purpose, but that use of the infinitive is [b] in Latin prose. Instead, Latin uses a subjunctive [c] introduced by "[d]" or, for a negative purpose, "[e]." The auxiliary "[f]" is frequently used in translating the present [g] in a purpose clause, but we can also translate with an [h].
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[a] infinitive [b] rare [c] clause [d] ut [e] ne [f] may [g] tense [h] infinitive
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There are only [a] tenses in the subjunctive mood. Is one of the tenses a future tense? (yes, no) [b].
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[a] four [b] no
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The adjective forms of hic, meaning "[a]" or "[b]," can modify a [c] or serve as [d] meaning "[e], [f], it, [g]." ADJECTIVE: āb hōc cultū atque hūmānitāte prōvinciae longissimē absunt "They are very far away from [h] civilization and refinement." PRONOUN: Hī omnēs linguā, īnstitūtīs, lēgibus inter sē differunt. "All [i] (men inferred) differ from one another in language, customs, and laws." PRONOUN: Hōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen dīvidit. "The Garonne river divides [j] from the Aquitanians."
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[a] this [b] these [c] noun [d] pronouns [e] he [f] she [g] they [h] this [i] these [j] them
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What three details should you learn systematically for each of the subjunctive clause types? 1. [a] 2. [b] 3. [c].
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[a] definition [b] recognize [c] translate
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There are two tasks involved in mastering the subjunctive: first, learning the new [a], which is a relatively [b] matter; second, learning to [c] and [d] the various subjunctive [e] types, which is also quite easily done, if your approach is [f]
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[a] forms [b] simple [c] recognize [d] translate [e] clause [f] systematic
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Adjectives like proximus, and others that mean "dear, near, kind, friendly" and the like, take the [a] and, in English, are often followed by "[b]" or "[c]." In sentence 5 (line 8 in the textbook). Germanis is in the [d] case.
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[a] dative [b] to [c] for [d] dative
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Among the other auxiliaries used in English to describe potential or hypothetical actions are: [a] [b] [c] [d] [e] [f]
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[a] may [b] might [c] should [d] would [e] may have [f] would have
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The subjunctive may be used in certain types of main, or [a] clauses. The "[b]" subjunctive expresses a [c] or exhortation, especially in the [d] or [e] person. [f] is employed for negative commands. TRANSLATING JUSSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE While "[g]" and "[h]" can sometimes be used to translate the jussive subjunctive, "[i]" is the English auciliary verb most often used.
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[a] independent [b] jussive [c] command [d] first [e] third [f] ne [g] may [h] should [i] let
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Match the infinitive usage. Ducem discēdere iussit. [a] Errāre est humānum. [b] Fābulam bene narrāre potest. [c]
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[a] object [b] subject [c] complementary
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The subject of an infinitive is in the [a] case.
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[a] accusative
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An indirect statement follows a main verb of [a], [b] activity, or [c] perception, has its subject in the [d] case, and an [e] instead of a finite verb.
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[a] speech [b] mental [c] sense [d] accusative [e] infinitive
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The participles forming part of the perfect passive and future active infinitives function rather like predicate adjectives with esse and thus must agree with the infinitive's [a] in [b], [c], and [d].
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[a] subject [b] gender [c] number [d] case
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Which speech verb does not take an indirect statement?
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inquit
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Which verb does not take an indirect statement?
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suscipiō
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The time of action expressed by an infinitive is relative to the tense of the main verb; match. present [a] perfect [b] future [c]
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[a] same as main verb [b] same as main verb [c] subsequent to main verb
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One mode of expressing indirect statement is commoner in Latin, the other in English, match. We believe her to be brave. [a] We believe that she is brave. [b]
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[a] Latin [b] English
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In transforming the Latin indirect statement from an infinitive phrase to a more idiomatic English subordinate clause, first supply the conjunction [a], then translate the accusative subject as if it were in the [b] case, and then transform the [c] to a regular verb form in the appropriate [d], relative to that of the main verb.
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[a] that [b] nominative [c] infinitive [d] tense
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In Latin indirect statement the subject is always expressed and is always in the [a] case; when a pronoun is used, it will be a [b] pronoun if the subject is the same as the subject of the main verb.
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[a] accusative [b] reflexive
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Match to indicate the correct infinitive of amō. Dīcit discipulum Latīnam (loves) [a] Dīxit discipulōs Latīnam (loved) [b] Dīcit sē Latīnam semper (loved) [c] Dīxit sē Latīnam semper (would love) [d] Dīcet discipulōs Latīnam (will love) [e] Dīxit eum Latīnam semper (had loved) [f]
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[a] same as main verb [b] same as main verb [c] prior to main verb [d] subsequent to main verb [e] same as main verb [f] prior to main verb
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Dicunt eum errare.
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They say he makes a mistake
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Dicebant eum errare.
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They said he was making a mistake
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eum esse hostem scivisti
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You knew he was an enemy
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Credunt magistram sapientem veritatem patefacturam esse.
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They believe the wise teacher will reveal truth
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Vidi eos remanisse et nobiscum esse.
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I saw they had remained and were with us
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Putant se fortes esse.
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They think that they are brave
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Clamaverunt se fortes futuros esse.
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They proclaimed they are strong
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Putaverunt se fortes fuisse.
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They thought that they had been strong
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Putamus eos captos esse.
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We think they have been captured
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Sperant Ciceronem orationem scripturum esse.
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They hope Cicero will write the speech
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The [a] cum is used with the [b] mood when it indicates a [c] unspecified [d] that could occer any [e]. This cum with the indicative occurs most often when the tense of the main verb is [f] and it means "[g]."
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[a] conjunction [b] indicative [c] general [d] circumstance [e] time [f] present [g] when
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Cum nimis dolēmus, lacrimās fundimus.
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when we feel too much pain, we shed tears
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The [a] cum with a [b] indicative verb means "[c]" and functions somewhat like the protasis of a [d] sentence. Translate "cum" and "spectaverat" in the following sentence: Cum rēgīna moenia surgentia Urbis spectāverat, erat laeta. [e] the queen [f] the walls of the city, she was happy.
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[a] conjunction [b] pluperfect [c] whenever [d] conditional [e] whenever [f] saw
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The [a] cum with a [b] subjunctive verb refers to a [c] or [d] circumstance in the past [e] [f] the action of the main clause [g]. It is translated with the word "[h]." Translate "cum" and "legerem" in the following sentence: Cum nimis diū legerem, oculi dolēbant. [i] I [j] too long a time, my eyes were hurting.
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[a] conjunction [b] imperfect [c] concrete [d] specific [e] during [f] which [g] occurred [h] when [i] when [j] read
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The [a] cum with a [b] subjunctive verb refers to a [c] or [d] circumstance in the past, which occured [e] the action in the main clause. In this case, cum mean "[f] Translate "cum" and "audivisset" in the following sentence: Cum haec omnia audīvisset, nautās quidem timēre coepit Colōnus. [g] he [h] all these things, Columbus indeed began to fear.
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[a] conjunction [b] pluperfect [c] concrete [d] specific [e] before [f] after [g] after [h] had heard
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When a [a] meaning of the [b] cum fits the context better than a [c] meaning, translate cum as "[d]." Causal cum clauses feature a verb in the [e] mood. Translate "cum" and "navigarent" in the following sentence: Cum tam diū nāvigārent, nautae cupere coepērunt domum petere. [f] they [g] for such a long time, the sailors began to desire to go home.
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[a] causal [b] conjunction [c] temporal [d] since [e] subjunctive [f] Since [g] sailed
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Cum amāverāmus, vīvimus. Type: [a] Clause Translation: [b]
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[a] Temporal [b] whenever
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Cum hic sit Lepidus, habē tibi meum libellum. Type: [a] Clause Translation: [b]
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[a] Causal [b] since
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Tū solēbas meās esse aliquid putāre nūgās iam tum, cum ausus es ūnus Italōrum omne aevum tribus explicāre cartīs. Type: [a] Clause Translation: [b]
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[a] temporal [b] when
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Cum essent multī rūmōrēs senum sevēriōrum, omnēs tamen ūnīus aestimāvimus assis. Type: [a] Clause Translation: [b]
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[a] Concessive [b] Although
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Cum semel occiderit lūx, nox erit. Type: [a] Clause Translation: [b]
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[a] temporal [b] when
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Reliquōs Gallōs virtūte praecēdunt, quod ferē cōtīdiānīs proeliīs cum Germānīs contendunt, cum aut suīs fīnibus eōs prohibent aut ipsī in eōrum fīnibus bellum gerunt. Type: [a] Clause Translation: [b]
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[a] Temporal [b] When
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Simple [a] Conditions use the [b] [c] tense in both the "if" and the "then" clauses and state [d] conditions about the [e].
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[a] present [b] present [c] indicative [d] factual [e] present
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Simple [a] Conditions use the [b] [c] tense in both clauses and state [d] conditions about the [e].
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[a] past [b] past [c] indicative [d] factual [e] past
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FMV, or Future [a] [b] Conditions use the [c] or future [d] in the "if" clause and the [e] in the "then" clause and state conditions about the future that are [f] and very [g]
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[a] more [b] vivid [c] future [d] perfect [e] future [f] factual [g] straightforward
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FLV, or Future [a] [b] Conditions use the [c] [d] and are sometimes called "[e]/[f]" conditions because of the way they are [g] into English. They refer to the future without any assurance of the statement's [h].
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[a] less [b] vivid [c] present [d] subjunctive [e] should [f] would [g] translated [h] certainty
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CTF, or Present [a] to [b] Conditions use the [c] [d] in both clauses and state conditions about the present that are not [e] or [f]. Likewise Past Contrary to Fact Conditions use the [g] [h] in both clauses and state conditions about the past that are not [i] or [j]
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[a] contrary [b] fact [c] imperfect [d] subjunctive [e] true [f] factual [g] pluperfect [h] subjunctive [i] true [j] factual
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Simple Present/Simple Past
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[a] present [b] present [c] indicative [d] present [e] past [f] past [g] indicative [h] past
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FMV/FLV
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[a] future [b] future perfect [c] will [d] present [e] indicative [f] shall [g] subjunctive [h] should [i] subjunctive [j] would
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CTF present/CTF past
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[a] imperfect [b] were to [c] imperfect [d] would [e] pluperfect [f] had [g] pluperfect [h] would have
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Sī mihi multa bāsia dederis, illa conturbābimus. Tense of dederis: [a] Mood of dederis: [b] Tense of conturbābimus: [c] Mood of conturbābimus: [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] future perfect [b] indicative [c] future [d] indicative [e] FMV
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Nisi tū meās nūgās esse aliquid putāvissēs, illum libellum lepidum nōn tibi dedissem. Tense of putāvissēs: [a] Mood of putāvissēs: [b] Tense of dedissem: [c] Mood of dedissem: [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] pluperfect [b] subjunctive [c] pluperfect [d] subjunctive [e] CTF past
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Sī sōl occidit, nox erat. Tense of occidit: [a] Mood of occidit: [b] Tense of erat: [c] Mood of erat: [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] perfect [b] inidicative [c] imperfect [d] indicative [e] Simple Past
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Sī vīnum ferrēs, cēnārēs bene. Tense of ferrēs: [a] Mood of ferrēs: [b] Tense of cēnārēs: [c] Mood of cēnārēs: [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] imperfect [b] subjunctive [c] imperfect [d] subjunctive [e] CTF present
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Sī ventitēs quō puella dūcit, fulgeant candidī tibi sōlēs. Tense of ventitēs: [a] Mood of ventitēs: [b] Tense of dūcit: [c] Mood of dūcit: [d] Tense of fulgeant: [e] Mood of fulgeant: [f] Type of condition: [g]
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[a] present [b] subjunctive [c] present [d] indicative [e] present [f] subjunctive [g] FLV
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Sī vīvis, amās. Tense of vīvis: [a] Mood of vīvis: [b] Tense of amās: [c] Mood of amās: [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] present [b] indicative [c] present [d] indicative [e] Simple Present
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Sī explicārēs omne aevum tribus cartīs, bene scrīberēs. Tense of explicārēs: [a] Mood of explicārēs: [b] Tense of scrīberēs: [c] Mood of scrīberēs: [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] imperfect [b] subjunctive [c] imperfect [d] subjunctive [e] CTF Present
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Sī plēnus sacculus fuisset arāneārum, cēnam nōn afferre potuissēs. Tense of fuisset: [a] Mood of fuisset: [b] Tense of potuissēs: [c] Mood of potuissēs: [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] pluperfect [b] subjunctive [c] pluperfect [d] subjunctive [e] CTF Past
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Sī rūmōrēs senum sevēriōrum audiāmus, omnēs ūnīus aestimēmus assis. Tense of audiāmus: [a] Mood of audiāmus: [b] Tense of aestimēmus: [c] Mood of aestimēmus: [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] present [b] subjunctive [c] present [d] subjunctive [e] FLV
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Haec sī attuleris, unquentum dabō. Tense of attuleris: [a] Mood of attuleris: [b] Tense of dabō : [c] Mood of dabō : [d] Type of condition: [e]
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[a] future perfect [b] indicative [c] future [d] indicative [e] FMV
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