Gov Ch 11 – 12 Review Test Questions – Flashcards

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Submitting a judicial candidate's name to the home state before a senatorial hearing is called
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senatorial-courtesy system.
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People engaged in lawsuits are called
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litigants
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This justice served as the chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals.
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Justice Robert Jackson
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Sandra Day O'Connor received a strong endorsement from this justice and former classmate.
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William Rehnquist
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These courts help Congress exercise its power according to Article I of the Constitution.
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legislative courts
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riding the circuit.
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a voting bloc.
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Traveling to hold court in assigned regions is called
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riding the circuit.
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The majority of the cases the Supreme Court hears come
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from lower courts as appeals.
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These courts derive their power from the Constitution and federal laws.
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federal courts
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Explanation for the Supreme Court's decision is called
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an opinion
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A state may not take a person's life, liberty, or property without
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due process
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This changed law enforcement across the country.
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Miranda v. Arizona
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A written statement that sets forth legal argument is called a
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brief
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An assistant to a Supreme Court judge is a
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law clerk.
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These are the workhorses of the federal judiciary system.
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district courts
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This is an order from the Court to send up the records on a case for review.
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writ of certiorari
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This president appointed four justices to the Court.
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Richard Nixon
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This judicial review of state laws and actions changed law enforcement across the nation.
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Miranda v. Arizona
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The Court may reverse its earlier decision because of
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changes in American society.
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Justices reach the Court through
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presidential appointment
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When both the state court and the federal court have jurisdiction, it is called
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concurrent jurisdiction.
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An unsigned statement of the Court's decision is a
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per curiam opinion.
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The celebrated decision in this case gave the Supreme Court judicial review.
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Marbury v. Madison
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A court of appeals has
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appellate jurisdiction
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The authority to hear certain cases is called the
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jurisdiction.
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One or more justices who agree with the majority's conclusions about a case, but do so for different reasons, write a
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concurring opinion
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The Lau v. Nichols case is an example of the Court
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interpreting the meaning of federal laws.
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This is NOT a way the Supreme Court determines policy.
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passing laws
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This court hears cases dealing with tariffs.
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Court of International Trade
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The vast majority of cases heard by the Supreme Court reach the Court
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as appeals from lower court decisions.
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A trial court has
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original jurisdiction
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This justice headed a special commission that investigated the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
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Chief Justice Earl Warren
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This Court decision limits the president's power to impound.
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Train v. City of New York
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The number of Supreme Court justices is determined by
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Congress
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The Fourteenth Amendment was important to Clarence Gideon because it gave him
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a court-appointed lawyer.
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This comprises the largest block of the Court's cases.
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civil liberties
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If you are registered to vote or have a driver's license, you may be called
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for jury duty.
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This is the trial jury.
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petit jury
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A written decision by the Court is
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an opinion.
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The United States is divided into 12 regions, each one with
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district courts.
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The power to confirm appointments to the Supreme Court resides in
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the Senate.
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An order from the Court to send up records is a
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writ of certiorari.
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This is the foundation for deciding cases
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law
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One of these appellate courts is in each of 12 regions across the United States.
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U.S. Court of Appeals
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Most of the cases heard by the Supreme Court are cases involving
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civil liberties
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A friend of the court is
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an amicus curiae
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This former president served as chief justice.
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William Howard Taft
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The Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees the right to
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a court-appointed lawyer.
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This president left a strong legacy by appointing four justices to the Supreme Court.
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Richard Nixon
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This was the first African American appointed to the Supreme Court.
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Thurgood Marshall
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This person assigns the writing of opinions to the justices.
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chief justice
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This is the court of last resort in all questions of federal law.
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Supreme Court
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Chief Justice William Howard Taft led a campaign for the nomination of this justice.
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Pierce Butler
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That no state may deprive any person of life, liberty, or property is part of
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the due process clause.
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These courts derive their power from the state constitutions and laws.
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state courts
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This is a written statement setting forth the legal arguments.
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brief
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This is NOT a limit on the Court's power.
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congressional jurisdiction
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A formal accusation handed down by the grand jury is
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an indictment
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Cases involving maritime law come under jurisdiction of the
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federal courts
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A brief unsigned statement of the Court's decision is a
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stare decisis
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A swing vote is a
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deciding vote
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This court helps Congress exercise its power.
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legislative court
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Duties of the Supreme Court justices have developed from
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laws and through tradition.
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One expert has said that this is "like a boxer's big knockout punch."
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judicial review
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These courts are similar to district courts in function, operation, and jurisdiction.
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These courts are similar to district courts in function, operation, and jurisdiction.
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The president's most important influence over the Court is the power to
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appoint justices with Senate consent
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If the government has not paid a bill for goods or services, you may sue in this court.
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U.S. Court of Federal Claims
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The number of justices on the Court is set by
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Congress
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A justice writes this when he or she agrees with the majority opinion, but for a different reason.
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concurring opinion
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This is the Senate's control over the Supreme Court.
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confirmation power
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