Glencoe World History Chapter 4 – Flashcards
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Aegean
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an arm of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey
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Black Sea
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a sea between Europe and Asia
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Bronze Age Civilization
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A civilization in the Bronze Age (est. 2800 B.C.)
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Crete
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the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean
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Minoan Civilization
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a civilization that existed on the Mediterranean island of Crete
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Mycenaean
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of or relating to or characteristic of ancient Mycenae or its inhabitants
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Homer
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ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
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Ionia
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region of western Asia Minor colonized by Ancient Greeks
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Epic Poem
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a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds
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Polis
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a city state
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Acropolis
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served as a place of refuge during an attack and sometimes came to be a religious center on which temples and public buildings were built
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Agora
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served as a place where people could assemble and as a market
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Hoplites
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heavily armed infantry soldiers or foot soldiers
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Phalanx
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a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields
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Hellespont
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the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European Turkey from Asian Turkey; along with Bosporus
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Bosporus
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a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; along with Hellespont
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Byzantium
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the first capitol of the Eastern Empire renamed as Constantinople
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Democracy
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A government by the rule of the many
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Oligarchy
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a political system governed by a few people
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Sparta
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an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess; seized more land when needed
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Helots
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Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E.
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ephors
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a group of five men who were elected each year and were responsible for the education of the youth and conduct of the citizens
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Athens
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the capital and largest city of Greece; enemy of Sparta
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Solon
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a reform-minded aristocrat
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Cleisthenes
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An aristocrat, created a council of 500 and helped from Athenian democracy
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Asia Minor
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the western Asian peninsula comprising most of modern-day Turkey, known to the Greeks as Anatolia
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Darius
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Persian ruler that seeked revenge on the Athenian navy
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Xerxes
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son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.
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Delian League
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Pact joined in by Athenians and other Greeks to continue the war with Persia
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Delos
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the headquarters of the Delian League
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Pericles
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Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece
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Age of Pericles
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a period of classical Athenian and Greek history in which Athens reached its highest power
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Direct Democracy
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system of government in which people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters
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Ostracism
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procedure used by Athenian assembly in 5th century B.C. to banish a citizen for 10 years without revoking their rights; 6,000 votes were needed for banishment
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Thebes
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an ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC
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Macedonia
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an ancient kingdon ruled by Alexander the Great that conquered Greece and the Persian empire in the 300s BC
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Mount Olympus
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the higest mountain in Greece, where the ancient Greeks believed many of their gods and godesses lived
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Rituals
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another name for ceremonies or rites
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Oracle
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a sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed the future through a priest or a priestess
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Oracle of Apollo at Delphi
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The most famous of greek oracles
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Tragedies
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the first Greek dramas; presented in a trilogy ... serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war or betrayal
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Aeschylus
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writer of tragedies; wrote Oresteia; proposed the idea of having two actors and using props and costumes
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Sophocles
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Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex
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Euripides
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one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece (480-406 BC)
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Herodotus
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the ancient Greek known as the father of history
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Thucydides
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considered the greatest historian of the ancient world
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Philosophy
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an organized system of thought
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Pythagoras
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Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem
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Sophists
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a group of traveling teachers in ancient Greece who rejected speculations such as that of Pythagoras as foolish
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Socrates
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ancient Athenian philosopher who did not believe in recording anything
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Socratic Method
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a method of teaching by question and answer
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Plato
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one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of western civilization
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Aristotle
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one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; Student of Plato
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Philip II
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king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC)
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Alexander the Great
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son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world
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Hellenisitic Era
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the era in which the Greeks were imitated in other parts of the world
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Pergamum
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an ancient Greek city located in the western part of what is now modern Turkey during the Hellenistic Era
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Eratosthenes
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Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun (276-194 BC)
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Euclid
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He is the father of geometry and wrote a book explaining geometry (the Elements)
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Archimedes
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the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Era
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Epicureanism
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philosophy founded by Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; taught that happiness through the pursuit of pleasure was the goal of life
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Stoicism
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(philosophy) the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno
