Glencoe Science Level Green – Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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organism
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Any living thing
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cell
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the smallest unit of an organism that carries on the functions of life
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homeostasis
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The regulation of an organism's internal, life-maintaining condition despite changes in its environment
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binomial nomenclature
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The two-word naming system that Linnaeus used to name various organisms
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genus
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group of similar species.
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phylogeny
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evolutionary history of an organism, that is, how the organism has changed over time.Today, it is the basis for the classification of many organisms
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kingdom
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first and largest category used to classify organisms
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cell theory
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states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells.
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cell wall
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rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria
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cell membrane
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protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment
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cytoplasm
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constantly moving gelatin like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains heredity material and is the location of most of a cell's life processes.
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ribosome
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small structure on which cells make their own proteins
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organelle
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structure in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances
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nucleus
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All cellular activities are directed by it. Materials enter and leave the it through openings in its membrane. It contains long, threadlike, hereditary material made of DNA.
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chloroplast
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green, chlorophyll-containing, plant-cell organelle that captures light energy, which is used to make sugar.
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mitochondrion
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cell organelle where food is broken down, which releases energy.
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endoplasmic reticulum
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cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell and is made up of a complex series of folded membranes; can be rough (with attached ribosomes) or smooth (without attached ribosomes).
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Golgi body
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organelles that sort and package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out f the cell
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tissue
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group of similar cells that work together to do one job.
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organ
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structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together
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organ system
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group of organs working together to perform a certain function
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virus
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strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating.
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host cell
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living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli
