question

Awareness

answer

The process of attending to and observing one's own sensing, thinking, feelings, and actions; paying attention to the flowing nature of one's present-centered experience.

question

Blocks of energy

answer

Paying attention to where energy block is located, how it is used, and how it can be blocked

question

Confluence

answer

A disturbance in which the sense of the boundary between self and environment is lost

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Confrontation

answer

An invitation for the client to become aware of discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal expressions, between feelings and actions, or between thoughts and feelings.

question

Contact

answer

The process of interacting with nature and with other people without losing one's sense of individuality. Contact is made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving.

question

Continuum of Awareness

answer

Staying with the moment to moment flow of experiencing, which leads individuals to discover how they are functioning in the world.

question

Deflection

answer

A way of avoiding contact and awareness by being vague and indirectlly using distraction.

question

Dichotomy

answer

A split in which a person experiences or sees opposing forces; a polarity (weak/strong, dependence/independent

question

Dream work

answer

The Gestalt approach does not interpret and analyse dreams. Instead, the intent is to bring dreams back to life and relive them as though they were happening now.

question

Emotion-focused therapy

answer

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) entails practice of therapy being informed by understanding the role of emotion in psychotherapeutic change.

question

Empty-chair technique

answer

A role-playing intervention in which clients play conflicting parts. This typically consists of clients engaging in an imaginary dialogue between different sides of themselves.

question

Exercises

answer

Ready-made techniques that are sometimes used to make something happen in a therapy session or to achieve a goal.

question

Experiments

answer

Procedures aimed at encouraging spontaneity and inventiveness by bringing the possibilities for action directly into the therapy session. Experiments are designed to enhance here-and-now awareness. They are activities clients try out as a way of testing new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

question

Field

answer

A dynamic system of interrelationships

question

Field theory

answer

Paying attention to and exploring what is occurring at the boundary between the person and the environment.

question

Figure

answer

Those aspects of the individual's experience that are most salient at any moment

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Figure-formation process

answer

Describes how the individual organizes the environment from moment to moment and how the emerging focus of attention is on what is figural.

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Ground

answer

Those aspects of the individual's experience that tend to be out of awareness or in the background.

question

Holism

answer

Attending to a client's thoughts, feelings, behaviors, body, and dreams.

question

Impasse

answer

The stuck point in a situation in which individuals believe they are unable to support themselves and thus seek external support.

question

Introjection

answer

The uncritical acceptance of others' beliefs and standards without assimilating them into one's own personality.

question

Organismic self-regulation

answer

An individual's tendency to take actions and make contacts that will restore equilibrium or contribute to change.

question

Paradoxical theory of change

answer

A theoretical position that authentic change occurs more from being who we are than from trying to be who we are not.

question

Thenomenological inquiry

answer

Through a therapist asking "what" and "how" questions, clients are assisted in noticing what is occurring in the present moment

question

Projection

answer

The process by which we disown certain aspects of ourselves by ascribing them to the environment; the opposite of introjection

question

Relational Gestalt Therapy

answer

A supportive, kind, and compassionate style that emphasizes dialogue in the therapeutic relationship, rather than the confrontational style of Fritz Perls.

question

Retroflection

answer

The act of turning back onto ourselves something we would like to do (or have done) to someone else.

question

Techniques

answer

Exercises or interventions that are often used to bring about action or interaction, sometimes with a prescribed outcome in mind.

question

Unfinished business

answer

Unexpressed feelings (such as resentment, guilt, anger, grief) dating back to childhood that now interfere with effective psychological functioning; needless emotional debris that clutters present-centered awareness.

question

Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?

answer

Fritz Perls

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Gestalt therapy is a form of

answer

existential therapy

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Field theroy suggests that

answer

everything in human experiene is relational and in constant flux.

question

A healthy contact experience involves

answer

interacting with others while maintaining a sense of self, creativity, and maintaining balance between the figure and the ground.

question

According to the Gestalt view, blocked energy is

answer

both a defensive behavior and a form of resistance to contact.

question

Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of Gestalt therapy?

answer

Assessment.

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A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is

answer

the approach to confrontation.

question

The Gestalt therapist

answer

pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.

question

In Gestalt theory, the experiment is considered

answer

a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs.

question

When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a condlict between top dog and underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

answer

the internal dialogue exercise.

question

Gestalt-therapy techniques are designated to help the client

answer

both expand awareness of the here and now and intensify feelings and experiences.

question

A gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality such as tenderness is

answer

the reversal exercise.

question

The Gestalt approach to dreams

answer

both asks the client to become all parts of his or her own dream and has the client actively interpret the meaning of the drean himself or herself.

question

The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests

answer

we change through becoming aware of who we currently are.

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The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is

answer

attaining awareness, and with it greater choice.

question

From a multicultural perspective, a limitation of Gestalt therapy is that

answer

both it tends to produce high levels of intense feelings and it is highly focused on direct expression of feelings.

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A contribution of this therapeutic approach is that

answer

it enables intense experiencing to occur quickly, it can be a relatively brief therapy, and it stresses doing and experiencing, as oposed to talking about problems.

question

According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to

answer

keep themselves from facing unfinished business, keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions and keep from having to change.

question

Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is

answer

becoming stronger.

question

According to Gestalt therapy, all of the following are true about contact except

answer

withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis.

question

In Gestalt, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as

answer

a joint venture, an existential encounter, and an I/Thou interaction.

question

Which of the following is not true about Gestalt techniques

answer

Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it.

question

Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls?

answer

During his childhood, he was a model student.

question

Gestalt therapists say that clients resist contact by means of

answer

retroflection, projection, and introjection.

question

Which of the following aspects of a client's use of language would a Gestalt therapist no focus on?

answer

semantics

question

Which of the following is not true about the Gestalt view of the role of controntation in therapy?

answer

It is not possible to be both confrontive and gentle with clients.

question

Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group members?

answer

making the rounds.

question

The empty chair technique

answer

assists clients in reowning part of their personality, balances internal polarities, allows clients to externalize an introject and helps to resolve unfinished business.

question

Which of the following is not one of Miriam Polster's three stagees in her integration sequence

answer

reunification

question

A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in

answer

retroflection

question

Because of his need to be liked, Jake makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundry disturbance is Jose exhibiting?

answer

confluence

question

Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles

answer

evoking group catharsis

question

Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may

answer

evoke carthasis without having the ability to work it through with their client, design faulty experiments, may use ready made techniques inapporperately, and may damage the therapeutic relationship with the client.

question

Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as

answer

an element of therapy that needs to be respected.

question

Gestalt group work is

answer

action-oriented, standardized, focused on the here and now.

question

Gestalt theory is best considered as a form of psychoanalytic therapy.

answer

False

question

The Gestalt therapist typically uses diagnosis and interpretation as a basic part of the therapeutic process.

answer

False

question

In the Gestaltist view, unfinished business is best explored in the present.

answer

True

question

A Gestalt therapist pays attention to ways the client uses language.

answer

True

question

Therapy is based upon the successful resolution of the transference relationship.

answer

False

question

Both contact and withdrawal are necessary and important to healthy functioning.

answer

True

question

Gestalt therapy makes use of a wide variety of techniques that are designed to increase the client's awareness of his or her present experiencing.

answer

True

question

According to Perls, awareness by itself is not sufficient to lead to change; clients must also put their experiences into some type of cognitive framework if changes is to happen.

answer

False

question

The Gestalt approach to dream work consists of the therapist interpreting the meaning of the symbols in the dream.

answer

False

question

Gestalt therapy relies mainly on psychoanalytic techniques.

answer

False

question

Gestalt therapy is designed for individual counseling, and it typically does not work well in groups.

answer

False

question

One of the contributions of Gestalt therapy is the vast empirical research that has been done to validate the specific techniques used.

answer

False

question

The goal of Gestalt therapy is to solve basic problems, to resolve one's polarities, and to help the individual to adjust to his or her environment.

answer

False

question

Gestaltists typically ask why questions in the attempt to get clients to think about the source of their problems.

answer

False

question

Gestalt therapy focuses on the cognitive aspects of therapy.

answer

False

question

Gestalt techniques can be considered as experimenmts.

answer

True

question

Part of success in using Gestalt techniques is contingent upon preparing clients for these techniques.

answer

True

question

Most of the Gestalt techniques are designed to intensify one's experiencing

answer

True

question

Gestalt therapies view a client's avoidance behavior as related to unfinished business.

answer

True

question

An effective Gestalt therapist must develop deep personal awareness.

answer

True

question

Retroflection involves doing to others what we would like them to do to us.

answer

False

question

In Gestalt therapy, a client's resistance is welcomed and used to deepen their therapeutic work.

answer

True

question

Gestalt experiments are ready-made techniques that are often used to evoke the expression of certain emotions.

answer

False

question

A current trend in Gestalt therapy is toward greater emphasis on the client/therapist relationship rather than on techniques.

answer

True

question

Gestalt therapists focus more on why clients are doing that what they are doing.

answer

False

question

Since Gestalt therapy focuses on the here-and-now, the past is not explored or given emphasis in this approach.

answer

False

question

In Gestalt terms, awareness refers to our connectedness to out external an internal worlds.

answer

True

question

Preparing clients for Gestalt exercises destroys both their spontaneity and effectiveness.

answer

False

question

Although Perls used a highly controntational approach in dealing with client avoidance and resistance, the confrontational model is not representative of contemporary Gestalt therapy.

answer

True

question

Gestalt group therapists use experiments to encourage clients to move from talking about action to taking action.

answer

True

question

Awareness

answer

The process of attending to and observing one's own sensing, thinking, feelings, and actions; paying attention to the flowing nature of one's present-centered experience.

question

Blocks of energy

answer

Paying attention to where energy block is located, how it is used, and how it can be blocked

question

Confluence

answer

A disturbance in which the sense of the boundary between self and environment is lost

question

Confrontation

answer

An invitation for the client to become aware of discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal expressions, between feelings and actions, or between thoughts and feelings.

question

Contact

answer

The process of interacting with nature and with other people without losing one's sense of individuality. Contact is made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving.

question

Continuum of Awareness

answer

Staying with the moment to moment flow of experiencing, which leads individuals to discover how they are functioning in the world.

question

Deflection

answer

A way of avoiding contact and awareness by being vague and indirectlly using distraction.

question

Dichotomy

answer

A split in which a person experiences or sees opposing forces; a polarity (weak/strong, dependence/independent

question

Dream work

answer

The Gestalt approach does not interpret and analyse dreams. Instead, the intent is to bring dreams back to life and relive them as though they were happening now.

question

Emotion-focused therapy

answer

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) entails practice of therapy being informed by understanding the role of emotion in psychotherapeutic change.

question

Empty-chair technique

answer

A role-playing intervention in which clients play conflicting parts. This typically consists of clients engaging in an imaginary dialogue between different sides of themselves.

question

Exercises

answer

Ready-made techniques that are sometimes used to make something happen in a therapy session or to achieve a goal.

question

Experiments

answer

Procedures aimed at encouraging spontaneity and inventiveness by bringing the possibilities for action directly into the therapy session. Experiments are designed to enhance here-and-now awareness. They are activities clients try out as a way of testing new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

question

Field

answer

A dynamic system of interrelationships

question

Field theory

answer

Paying attention to and exploring what is occurring at the boundary between the person and the environment.

question

Figure

answer

Those aspects of the individual's experience that are most salient at any moment

question

Figure-formation process

answer

Describes how the individual organizes the environment from moment to moment and how the emerging focus of attention is on what is figural.

question

Ground

answer

Those aspects of the individual's experience that tend to be out of awareness or in the background.

question

Holism

answer

Attending to a client's thoughts, feelings, behaviors, body, and dreams.

question

Impasse

answer

The stuck point in a situation in which individuals believe they are unable to support themselves and thus seek external support.

question

Introjection

answer

The uncritical acceptance of others' beliefs and standards without assimilating them into one's own personality.

question

Organismic self-regulation

answer

An individual's tendency to take actions and make contacts that will restore equilibrium or contribute to change.

question

Paradoxical theory of change

answer

A theoretical position that authentic change occurs more from being who we are than from trying to be who we are not.

question

Thenomenological inquiry

answer

Through a therapist asking "what" and "how" questions, clients are assisted in noticing what is occurring in the present moment

question

Projection

answer

The process by which we disown certain aspects of ourselves by ascribing them to the environment; the opposite of introjection

question

Relational Gestalt Therapy

answer

A supportive, kind, and compassionate style that emphasizes dialogue in the therapeutic relationship, rather than the confrontational style of Fritz Perls.

question

Retroflection

answer

The act of turning back onto ourselves something we would like to do (or have done) to someone else.

question

Techniques

answer

Exercises or interventions that are often used to bring about action or interaction, sometimes with a prescribed outcome in mind.

question

Unfinished business

answer

Unexpressed feelings (such as resentment, guilt, anger, grief) dating back to childhood that now interfere with effective psychological functioning; needless emotional debris that clutters present-centered awareness.

question

Heightened awareness

answer

A person seeks heightened awareness through dramatization of split-off parts of the self.

question

Attention

answer

Attentions is paid to patterns involving all layers of organismic function-thought, feeling, and activity.

question

The organism

answer

The organism has a drive to pull itself together, and this is done through expanding consciousness by putting the person in touch with current, immediate oragnizmic needs.

question

Gestalt therapy is...

answer

a process-oriented approach, which focuses on awareness, wholeness, contact, and self regulation. The integration of mind, body, thoughts, and action are central to the approach.

question

Key points to remember for gestalt therapy

answer

-pays attention to the obvious -doesn't believe in repression -group process or workshop where therapeutic session (for brief periods of time) are part of a total living experience. -dramatization is key to the approach (psychodrama, role plays, empty chair technique. -everything dealt with in the here and now-directed awareness.

question

directed awareness

answer

gestalt- is a technique whereby the therapist helps the client become aware of their immediate experience

question

empty chair technique

answer

a gestalt technique in which clients engage in emotional expression by imagining that the person to whom they would like to speak is sitting in an empty chair facing them

question

here and now

answer

In gestalt therapy in humanistic therapies, clients are encouraged to live in the present moment. Clients encouraged to reject the past, to brush aside things that have happened to them, and also to ignore what may come in the future. The emphasis should be on living in the present moment.

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