Geology Test 2 Review – Flashcards

Weathering that involves a chemical transformation of rock into one or more compounds

When water moves down through E and washes out the five soil components.

The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, or ice

Soils that develop in hot, wet tropical places where there is a lot of chemical weathering

the removal of minerals from soil

the down slope of movement of rock, regolith and soil and the influence of gravity.

weathering that breaks rocks

the source of the weathered material that soil develops from

aluminum and ferrum soils with iron oxides and aluminum rich clays in the B horizon

pedon and calcite accumulation of calcium carbonate found out west where it’s dry

the layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering. Not soil

true soil, the O, A, E and B horizons, soil forming processes are active, roots are present.

the single most common characteristic feature of sed rocks, the name of the layers

broken discrete fragments of plastic

rocks that form from the accumulation of materials

the formation of rocks and all the changes that accur in rocks

rocks formed of material deposited from solution by evaporation of water

the degree of similarity in the particle size in a sedimentary rock

a zone of alteration that surrounds the emplaced magma

minerals that geologist use to identify the level of metamorphism

a rock that exhibits igneous and metamorphic rock characteristics

flat regions where extensive areas of metamorphic rocks are exposed

debris flow made mainly of volcanic materials on the flanks of volcanoes

any permanently frozen subsoil

soil flow, slow down slope flow of water saturated materials common to permafrost areas

limestone made of small spherical grains called ooids

when water saturated surface materials lose strength and behave like fluid like masses that flow

the liquid part of magma

the slit and clay sized particles found in spaces between larger sand grains

a diagenetic change where more stable minerals are developed from less stable ones

whenever material remains coherent and moves along a well defined surface

when material moves in a clump along a curved surface of rupture

rock made of large angular particles

a sandstone with a large amount of feldspar and some quartz and mica

a rock made largely of rounded gravels

dark colored rock with quartz feldspar, abundant rock fragments and a matrix

the end product of large amounts of plant material buried for millions of years

limestone seen in caves

the layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering. Not soil

whenever material remains coherent and moves along a well defined surface

a zone of alteration that surrounds the emplaced magma

rocks that form from the accumulation of materials

true soil, the O, A, E and B horizons, soil forming processes are active, roots are present.

sedimentary rock made out of shell and shell fragments

pedon and calcite accumulation of calcium carbonate found out west where it’s dry

debris flow made mainly of volcanic materials on the flanks of volcanoes

the most dangerous volcano

large crystals in a fine matrix

(incomplete)immature soils (incomplete)

(incomplete)beds matrix (incomplete)

igneous, sedimentary and other metamorphic rocks

Rounded grains = airborne or waterborne
Very round grains= lots of abrasion and transport
Very Angular grains= short distance

Low grade metamorphism- slight changes

Rock avalanche

1) Contact/thermal metamorphism- when rock is intruded by a magma body and the rise in temp causes the rock to change
2) Hydrothermal metamorphism- occurs when hot ion-rich water circulates through fractures in rock and causes chemical alterations (igneous activity heats the water)

3) regional metamorphism- when great quantities of rock are subjected to direct pressure and high temps that create large scale deformation
occurs during mountain building

Rock/Slaty cleavage
Schistosity
Gneissic texture

it creates metamorphic rocks

Fall
Slide
Flow

Parallel alignment of flat minerals
Parallel alignment of flat minerals grains and pebbles
Banding where light and dark minerals are separated and look layered
Slaty cleavage where rocks split into thin, tabular, parallel slabs

(incomplete)Mohs Scale of Hardness (incomplete)

(incomplete)How many tons of sediment are eroded a year (incomplete)

(incomplete)What horizons make up topsoil (incomplete)

(incomplete)The difference between mature and immature soil (incomplete)

(incomplete)The different soil horizons (incomplete)

(incomplete)The difference between chemical and mechanical weathering (incomplete)

(incomplete)The special properties of quartz, halite, sulfur, magnetite, calcite and mica (incomplete)

(incomplete)How to tell if a rock is mafic or felsic (incomplete)

(incomplete)How to tell is a rock is igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary. (incomplete)

(incomplete)How to tell the grain size of a rock (incomplete)

(incomplete)Information about the video we watched in class (incomplete)