Geology- Minerals and Rocks – Flashcards
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The basic's of the earth's crust
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What is a mineral?
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inorganic, occur naturally, solid in crystalline form
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Substance to be a mineral
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How a mineral reflects light off its surface
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Luster
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Color of a mineral in powdered form
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Streak
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When a mineral breaks easily along flat surfaces
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Cleavage
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When a mineral breaks into curved/irregular pieces
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Fracure
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Measure the ability of a mineral to resist scratching
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Hardness
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Moh's Hardness Scale
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How do you determine hardness?
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When magma cools and hardens
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Igneous
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Form when sediments harden after being compressed and cemented
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Sedimetrary
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Form when heat, pressure, and/or chemical process change the existing rock
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Metamorphic
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Existing rock is under heat/pressure
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Igneous Rocks into Metamorphic
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Existing rock breaks down into sediments, it is deposited, then compacted and cemented into rock
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Metamorphic into Sedimentary
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Rock melts deep within the earth
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Igneous into Sedimentary
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Large crystals
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Intrusive
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Little/ no crystals
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Extrusive
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Separate fragments become compacted and cemented into rock
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Clastic
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Formed from minerals left behind when water evaporates
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Chemical
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Forms from the remains of organism (plants, sea life, ect.)
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Organic
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Layering that occurs when there is a change in the kind of sediment being deposited
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Stratification
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Remains/traces of ancient plants and animals (usually found in sedimentary rock)
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Fossils
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There are bands of minerals; sometimes alternating colors, other times layers of the same minerals
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Foliated
