Geology Final — Previous Test Questions – Flashcards

Which of the following is a mineral? a). Ice, Crystal grown in a laboratory b). Volcanic glass c). material with crystals of different chemical compounds

Coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that...

Which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fasted cooling? a). Very coarse granite pegmatite b). coarse granite, medium-grained granite c). fine-grained granite d). volcanic glass

Which of the following can be understood by studying sedimentary rocks? a). How enviroments shifted in location through time b). past changes in climate c). past events (such as landslides and earthquakes) d). migration of deserts and advances of the sea E). All of these.

Which of the following is a correct statement about resources in sedimentary rocks? a). Groundwater mostly resides in the pore spaces between grains and in fractures. b). Oil and natural gas migrate down until they are trapped at depth. c). Coal forms from the burial of deep-water organic shale. d). The most important component of cement come from siltstone. e). Uranium does not commonly occur in sandstone.

The phrase trading location for time signifies that...

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data? a). North America is moving across Earth's surface several centimeters per year. b). The river is flowing at one meter per year. c). The volcano is releasing much steam. d). All of these. e). a and b only.

What is the main process by which soils form? a). Deposition of silt on a floodplain. b). Dinosaurs breaking up rocks with their tails. c). Deposition of silt by the wind. d). Weathering. e). Lakes.

Foliation is defined as...

Which of the following can be preserved in metamorphic rocks? a). Fossils b). Ripples c). Cross beds. d). Pebbles, though often deformed. e). All of the above.

Which of the following is not a chemical process that can occur during metamorphism? a). Recrystallization. b). Remobilization. c). Pressure solution. d). Shearing.

Which of the following does NOT help define foliation in metamorphic rocks? a). A dominant orientation of crystals, such as mica. b). Light- and dark-colored bands. c). Flattened shapes of deformed objects, such as pebbles. d). Crystals that grow in a random orientation. e). All of these.

Which of the following does NOT match a sedimentary rock with a possible metamorphic equivalent? a). Sandstone - quartzite. b). Limestone - marble. c). Shale - schist. d). Shale - gneiss. e). All of these are correct matches.

Which of the following types of faults does not generate earthquakes? a). Normal fault. b). Reverse fault. c). Thrust fault. d). Strike-slip fault. e). All types of faults can generate earthquakes.

Which of the following is a major source of earthquakes associated with continental collisions? a). Thrust faults. b). Slip along the plate boundary. c). Earthquakes associated with the abundant volcanoes. d). All of these. e). a and b only

How do we determine the location of a recent the location of a recent earthquake?

Which of the following did NOT cause damage in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake? a). Ground shaking. b). A tsunami. c). Fires that broke out after the earthquake. d). Ground ruptures, cracks, and fissures.

A seismic wave is refracted to a steeper angle when it...

The reason we see volcanism often associated with subduction is...

Which of the following is a valid statement about how rocks respond to stress? a). If the stress is very high, the rock will be unchanged. b). Stress can cause a rock to be displaced, but not rotated. c). If a rock has strained, then it has changed its size or shape. d). A rock can be displaced or strained but not both at the same time.

What are the three main types of stress?

Mid-ocean ridges form where 2 ocean plates....

Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because...

Every metamorphic rock has a parent rock. (T or F?)

When metamorphic rocks from, they almost always melt due to the heat and pressure put on them. (T or F?)

Cleavage is something only seen in minerals.

Convection is thought to be the main force behind plate tectonics.