Geology Chapter 2,3,4 – Flashcards
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What is the name of an intrusion that cuts across the country rock?
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Dike
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What mineral makes up continuous side of browns reaction series?
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Plagioclase
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Do fells or magic rocks have a lower viscosity
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Mafic
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Which has more silica, felsic or mafic?
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Felsic
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What is the textural term for an igneous rock that has two grain sizes?
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Porphyritic
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How are igneous rocks classified?
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Texture and Composition
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What is the major difference between ferromagnesian and nonferromagnesian silicates?
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Ferromagnesian silicates are rich in iron and magnesium, whereas nonferromagnesian silicates are poor in iron and magnesium
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What is the most common non silicate mineral group?
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Carbonates
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What are the 2 major divisions of mineral
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Silicates and nonsilicates
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What are some nonferromagnesian silicates?
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Quartz, Muscovite, and the feldspar group
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What is an example of a low-temperature ferromagnesian silicate?
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Biotite
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What is an example of a high-temperature ferromagnesian silicate?
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Olivine
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What is the basic building block of silicates?
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Si-O tetrahedron
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Name the five features of a mineral.
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Naturall occuring, inorganic, ordered internal structure, definite chemical composition, and a solid
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What are the two main factors controlling the style of eruption?
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Gasses and viscosity
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What is thought to be the source of magma for blood basalts ?
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Convergence
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What type of melting occurs at divergent plate boundaries?
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Decompression
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Are volcanic domes bigger or smaller than composite volcanoes?
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Smaller
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Is a composite volcano or shield volcano wider? Why?
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Shield volcano because of the low viscosity of the magma
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Where does a shield volcano usually occur?
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At a convergent plate boundary
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A composite volcano is typically ____ high.
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100s of meters
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Is scoria or pumic mad of frothy volcanic glass?
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Scoria
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Does a composite volcano occur at divergent or convergent plate boundaries
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Convergent
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All minerals are pure single elements.
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False
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All minerals are chemical compound (combinations of 2 or more elements)
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Fast
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Polymorphs are two minerals that have the same chemical formula, but different physical properties, because they have different crystal structures.
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True
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Which mineral property is the least reliable for identifying a mineral?
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Color
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Which of the following is NOT a mineral?
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a) liquid water
b) crystals grown in a laboratory
c) volcanic glass
d) piece of wood
e) +all of these+
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Which of the following is a mineral?
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a) +ice+
b) crystals grown in a laboratory
c) volcanic glass
d) material with crystals of different chemical compounds
e) non of these
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The mineral halite has cube shaped crystals because:
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of the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice
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Identify the list that consists of ten common minerals ranked in order of increasing hardness, from 1-10
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Moshs Hardness Scale
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Which of the following characterizes a liquid state of matter?
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Atoms are poorly connected and can expand to fill the available volume
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Minerals have an ordered internal atomic arrangement. What does this mean?
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Atoms in a mineral are arranged in an ordered geometric pattern
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If a mineral fractures, how many directions of cleavage does it have?
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No directions of cleavage
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If a mineral lacks planes along which it may cleave, what will occur?
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The mineral will fracture in an irregular pattern
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If a mineral cleaves into thin sheets, it probably has:
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One dominant direction of cleavage
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The most important class of rock-forming minerals on earth is:
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Silicates
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What type of silicate minerals is shown from this arrangement of silicon?
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a) independent tetrahedra
b) single chains
c) double chains
d) sheets
e) frameworks
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What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has a Sheet arrangement of silicon tetrahedron?
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one direction of cleavage
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What type of atom is represented by the small brown sphere in the center of this silica tetrahedron?
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Silicon
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Which of the following is NOT a main type of silicate structure?
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Triple chains
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Which of the following is true about asbestos?
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Abesetos represents different minerals with different health risks
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The very common mineral shown in this photograph is light colored, transparent, has a hardness of seven, fractures rather than cleaves. It does not effervesce. What mineral is it?
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a) garnet
b) +quartz+
c)biotite
d)muscovite
e)feldspar
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Which of the following is generally a light-colored silicate mineral?
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Quartz
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Which of the following is ad dark-colored silicate mineral?
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Biotite
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This very common carbonate mineral effervesces when it contacts dilute HCI. What mineral is it?
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Calcite
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Which of the following minerals is a sulfide and commonly forms cube-shaped crystals?
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Pyrite
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Which layer in the earth has a composition similar to the granite shown in this photograph
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Continental crust
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Which layer in the earth has a composition similar to the green olivine in the center of this rock?
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Mantle
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The three elements most abundant in the entire earth are
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iron, oxygen, silicon
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The two elements most abundant in the earth's crust are
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Silicon and oxygen
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Which of the following largely determines an atoms atomic weight?
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The number of protons and neutrons
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Cations have loaned out elections and so have a
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Positive Charge
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Anions have gained electrons and so have a
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Negative Charge
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Which side of this molecule has a negative charge
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the middle
