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Psychology's intellectual parents are the disciplines of

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Philosphy and Physiology.

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Wendt defined psychology as

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The scientific study of conscious experience.

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The school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and image, was

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Structuralism.

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In attempt to learn something without his conscious experience, William looked at an abstract painting and wrote down all of his impressions as they came to him. This technique is called

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Introspection.

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Dr. Smythe believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as taste, it is necessary to understand the purpose that taste plays in human adaption, not the elementary components that combine to produce taste sensations. Dr. Smythe's views are MOST consistent with

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The functionalist approach to psychology.

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The term used by William James to describe a continuous follow of thoughts was

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Stream of consciousness.

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The first woman to serve as president of the American psychological association was

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Mary Calkins.

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Functionalism was found by

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William James.

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The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behavior is MOST consistent with the views of

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Sigmund Freud.

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Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called

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Psychoanalysis.

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Freud conclude that psychological disturbance are largely caused by

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Personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level.

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Psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personal, motivation, and mental disorders by

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Focusing on unconscious determinate of behavior.

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The psychologist who proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of behavior was

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John B. Watson.

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Strict behaviorists would be MOST sympathetic to which one of the following Statements?

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Human behavior is primarily caused by enrolment all factors.

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Alison believes that individuals learn to be either aggressive or no aggressive as a result of the experiences they have. Alison views are MOST consistent with the

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Behaviorists view of psychology.

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Christine is a psychologist who conducts research on the effects of reward on made learning in rats. Christine would MOST likely be considered a

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Behaviorists.

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The fact that behaviors can be observed and thoughts and feelings cannot is the basis of

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Behaviorism.

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The notion that all behavior is fully governed by external stimuli is MOST consistent with

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Behaviorism.

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The psychologist who took the position that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and teens not to repeat responses that lead to neutral is negative outcomes was

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B.F. Skinner.

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Janet trained her dog to sit on command by following this behavior worth a reward of a dog biscuit and praise. Janet used the principles of

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Behaviorism.

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Which of the following psychologist would have been MOST likely to assert that "free will it's an illusion"?

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B.F. Skinner

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Which of the following groups of psychologists would be MOST likely to focus on individuals uniqueness, freedom, and potentials for growth as a person?

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Humanists.

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The theoretical viewpoint that is MOST closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow is

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Humanism.

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Humanists believe that people's behavior is governed by

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Their self-concepts.

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Imagine that the editor of your local newspaper writes a column supporting a reduction in government intervention with a transfer of more rights to individual citizens. The editor bases this argument on the assumption that people are rational beings who will fulfill their maximum potential as long as others do not infringe on their basic human needs. This editor's views reflect those seen in

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The humanistic perspective.

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A clinical psychologist would probably be MOST interested in

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figuring out the most effective ways of treating anxiety.

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The major event that influenced the development of psychology as a profession was

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World War 2.

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The terms tha refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is

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cognition.

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The approach that contends psychology must study internal mental events in order to fully understand behavior is

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cognitive psychology.

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Annabel wants to investigate differences in the way language is processed by the brain hemisphere in individuals from different cultures. If Annabel could work with a psychologist who has made a significant contribution in this area of research, she would MOST likely choose to work with

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Alfred Adler.

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The cognitive perspective contends that to fully understand human behavior, psychologists need to focus attention on

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internal mental events.

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Professor Vasquez believes that nearly all psychological disorders can ultimately be traced to abnormalities in brain chemistry. Professor Vasquez's beliefs are MOST consistent with the

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Biological perspective.

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The approach that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations is

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Evolutionary psychology.

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The basic premise of Evolutionary psychology is that natural selection favors behaviors that enhance organisms' success in

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Passing on their genes to the next generation.

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The individual MOST closely associated with the recent develpoment of positive psychology is

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Martin Seligman,

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The viewpoint in psychology that uses theory and research to understand the adaptive, creative, and fullfilling aspects of human existence is known as

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positive psychology.

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Which of the following is NOT included in the text's definition of psychology?

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Psychology studies primarily the unconscious mind.

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If you were having problems with severe depression, the type of psychologist that would be the greatest help to you would be

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clinical psychologist.

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A psychologist who is interested in the psychological effect of aging would MOST likely specialisd in

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developmental psychology.

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A psychologist who studies information processing and descion-making would probably be considered a

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cognitive psychologist.

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Dr. Somers studies psychological topics such as attitude formation and change and how groups influence people's behavior. Which of the following BEST categories Dr. Somers' research specilization?

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Social Psychology.

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Which of the following areas of research in psychology is concerend with assesing individual differences, developing tests, and developing new stratical techniques?

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Psychometrics.

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The most widely practiced professional specialty in psychology is

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Clinical psychology.

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Which of the folowing is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental disorder?

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A psychiatrist.

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Empricism means that knowledge should be acquired through

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direct observation.

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A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations is called

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a theory.

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One psychologist explains a phobia in terms of learning principles wheras another looks to the unconscious for an explanation. Given this scenario, which of the following conclusions is MOST accurate?

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The two psychologists are using different theoretical perspectives.

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The civil rights movement and the women's movement rasied concerns about wheter basic psychological principles could be applied to groups other than white males. Consequently, pychologists began to slect samples of subjects that were more diverse for research studies. This change in practice illustrates the idea that

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Science evolves in a sociohistorical context.

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A scientist uses ____ to explain a set of observations.

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a theory.

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The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that

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there are often several ways to interpret a set of obsetvations.

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Widely shared customs, beliefs, values, and norms refer to which of the following?

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culture

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Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disrorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that

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genetic factors and experience interact to shape behavior.

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The text's unifying theme that "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" is often referred to as describing the

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natural versus nature issue.

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Which of the followig is NOT listed in the textbook as an effective study technique?

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Concentrate your study time immediately before an exam.

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The idea that you should reward yourself for achieving study goals is based on the concept of

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behavior modification.

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