General Psychology Chapter 14 Test Questions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others, especially in social situations
answer
Personality
question
relates personality to the interplay of conflicting forces, including unconscious ones, within the individual
answer
Psychodynamic Theory
question
a release of pent-up emotional tension
answer
Catharsis
question
method of explaining and dealing with personality, based on the interplay of conscious and unconscious forces (Freud)
answer
Psycholanalysis
question
a repository of memories, emotions, and thoughts, many of them illogical, that affect our behavior even though we cannot talk about them
answer
Unconscious
question
when a child develops a sexual interest in the opposite gendered parent and a completitive aggression for the parent of the same gender
answer
Oedipus Complex
question
all strong, pleasant excitement arising from body stimulation
answer
Psychosexual Pleasure
question
psychosexual energy
answer
Libido
question
when a person continues to be preoccupied with the pleasure area associated with that stage
answer
Fixated
question
infant derives intense psychosexual pleasure from stimulation of the mouth (particularly sucking from the mother)
answer
Oral Stage
question
age range for the oral stage
answer
Birth to 1 1/2
question
psycholsexual pleasure from the sensations of bowel movements
answer
Anal Stage
question
age for anal stage
answer
1 1/2
question
children begin to play with their genitals
answer
Phallic Stage
question
age for phallic stage
answer
3
question
when psychosexual interest is suppressed
answer
Latent Period
question
the age range for the latent period
answer
5 or 6 to adolescence
question
when young people take a strong sexual interest in other people
answer
Genital Stage
question
when genital stage begins
answer
Puberty
question
sexual and other biological drives that demand immediate gratification
answer
Id
question
the rational, decision-making aspect of the personality
answer
Ego
question
the memory of rules and prohibitions we learned from our parents and others
answer
Superego
question
the ego defends itself against anxieties by relegating unpleasant thought and impulses to the unconscious mind
answer
Defense Mechanisms
question
motivated removal of something in the unconsious
answer
Repression
question
the refusal to believe unpleasant information
answer
Denial
question
attempt to prove that their actions are justifiable
answer
Rationalization
question
diverting a behavior or thought away from its natural target toward a less threatening target
answer
Displacement
question
a return to a more immature level of functioning
answer
Regression
question
attributing one's own undesirable characteristics to other people
answer
Projection
question
to avoid awareness of some weakness, people present themselves as the opposite of what they really are
answer
Reaction Formation
question
the transformation of sexual or aggressive energies into cultural acceptable, even admirable, behaviors
answer
Sublimation
question
psychologists that kept parts of Freud's theory while modifying other aspects
answer
Neo-Freudians
question
cumulative experience of preceding generations (present at birth)
answer
Collective Unconcious
question
vague images that have always been part of the human experience
answer
Archetypes
question
psychology of the person as a whole rather than parts such as id, ego, and superego
answer
Individual Psychology
question
an exaggerated feeling of weakness, inadequacy, and helplessness
answer
Inferiority Complex
question
a desire to seek personal excellence and fulfillment (Alder)
answer
Striving for Superiority
question
a sense of solidarity and identification with other people
answer
Social Interest
question
the pattern of behavior that a person is expected to follow because of being male or female
answer
Gender Role
question
deals with consciousness, values, and abstract beliefs including spiritual experiences and the beliefs that people live and die for
answer
Humanistic Psychology
question
an image of what they really are (Rogers)
answer
Self-Concept
question
and image of what they would like to be (Rogers)
answer
Ideal Self
question
the complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is (Rogers)
answer
Unconditional Positive Regard
question
the achievement of one's full potential
answer
Self-Actualization
question
seeks broad, general principles of personality
answer
Nomothetic Approach
question
intensive studies of individuals
answer
Idiographic Approach
question
a consistent tendency in behavior (shyness, hostility, or talkativeness)
answer
Trait
question
a temporary activation of a particular behavior
answer
State
question
people have consistent characteristics in their behavior
answer
Trait Approach to Personality
question
maintains that life is fair and people usual get what they deserve
answer
Belief in a Just World
question
the evaluation of one's own abilities, performance, and worth
answer
Self-Esteem
question
neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to new experience
answer
Big Five Personality Traits
question
tendency to experience unpleasant emotions frequently
answer
Neuroticism
question
a tendency to seek stimulation and enjoy the company of other people
answer
Extraversion
question
a tendency to be compassionate toward others
answer
Agreebleness
question
a tendency to show self-discipline, to be dutiful, and to strive for achievement and competence
answer
Conscientiousness
question
a tendency to enjoy new intellectual experiences and new ideas
answer
Openness to Experience
question
the aspects of environment that differ form one individual to another, even within a family
answer
Unshared Enviornment
question
the tendency to accept vague descriptions of our personalities
answer
Barnum Effect
question
test that is administered according to rules that specify how to interpret the results
answer
Standardized Test
question
consists of true-false questions intended to measure certain personality dimensions and clinical conditions
answer
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
question
includes 240 items to measure neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
answer
NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
question
What does MMPI stand for?
answer
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
question
What does NEO PI-R stand for?
answer
NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
question
a test of normal personality loosely based on Carl Jung's theories
answer
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
question
What does MBTI stand for?
answer
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
question
designed to encourage people to project their personality characteristics onto ambiguous stimuli
answer
Projective Techniques
question
a projective technique based on people's interpretations of 10 ambiguous inkblots
answer
Rorschach Inkblots
question
test where the person is asked to make up a story for each picture describing what happened the lead up to the picture, what is happening now, and what will happen in the future
answer
Thematic Apperception Test
question
What does TAT stand for?
answer
Thematic Apperecption Test
question
measures some aspect of your personality without your awreness
answer
Implicit Personality Test
question
a theory that relates personality to the interplay of conflicting forces within the individual
answer
Psychodynamicic Theory
question
someone with violent impulses transforms those impulses into a socially desirable form and becomes a surgeon. According to Freud, this is
answer
Sublimation
question
What do humanistic and psychodynamic theories of personality have in common
answer
not based on laboratory research
question
complete, unqualified acceptance of a person
answer
Unconditional Positive Regard
question
The approach to the study of individual differences that concentrate on intensive studies of the individuals is the ______ approach.
answer
idiographic
question
can describe most of the usual variation in human personality
answer
The Big Five Personality Dimmensions
question
You have just taken a psychological test that yields scores on 10 clinical scales including depression, anxiety, fear, anger, cynicism, and social introversion. Which test did you probably take?
answer
MMPI-2
question
A test that encourages people to describe themselves indirectly by talking about ambiguous stimulus such as an inkblot si called a __________ test.
answer
projective
question
Research on the Emotional Stroop Test has shown that people tend to show _____ response times to items that have particular emotional significance for them.
answer
delayed
