General Psychology Chapter 1 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Psychology
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The scientific study of thoughts and behavior
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Cognitive Psychology
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the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak , and solve problems
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Developmental Psychology
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the study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the life span
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Behavioral Neuroscience
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the study of the links among brain, mind, and behavior
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Biological Psychology
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the study of the relationship between body systems and chemicals and how they influence thought and behavior
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Personality Psychology
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the study of what makes people unique and the consistencies in people's behavior across time and situations
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Social Psychology
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the study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior
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Clinical Psychology
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the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health
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Health Psychology
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the study of the role psychological factors play in regard to health and illness
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Educational Psychology
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the study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching
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Industrial/Organizational Psychology
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the application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings
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Sports Psychology
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the study of psychological factors in sports and exercise
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Forensic Psychology
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the field that blends psychology, law, and criminal justice
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Shamans
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medicine men and women who treat people with mental problems by driving out their demons with elaborate rituals, such as exorcisms, incantations, and prayers
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Asylums
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facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the middle ages and into the 19th century
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Moral Treatment
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the 19th century approach to treating the mentally ill with dignity in a caring environment
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Psychoanalysis
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a clinically based approach to understand and treating psychological disorders; it assumes that the unconscious mind is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior
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Empiricism
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the view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience
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Psychophysics
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the study of how people psychologically perceive physical stimuli, such as light, sound waves, and touch
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Structuralism
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a 19th century school of psychology that argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offered the best way to understand thought and behavior
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Introspection
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the main method of investigation for structuralists; it involves looking into one's own mind for information about the nature of conscious experience
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Functionalism
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a 19th century of psychology that argued it was better to look at why the mind works the way it does than to describe its parts
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Behaviorism
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a school of psychology that proposed that psychology could be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives
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Humanistic Psychology
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a theory of psychology that focuses on personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one's highest potential
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Positive Psychology
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a scientific approach to studying, understanding, and promoting healthy and positive psychological functioning
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Gestalt Psychology
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a theory of psychology that maintains the way we perceive things as whole rather than as a compilation of parts
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Softwiring
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in contrast to hardwiring, biological systems- genes, brain structures, and brain cells- are inherited but open to modification from the environment
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Nature Through Nurture
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the position that the environment constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are and what we do
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Evolution
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the change over time in the frequency with which specific genes occur within a breeding species
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Natural Selection
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a feedback process whereby nature favors one design over another because it has an impact on reproduction
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Adaptations
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inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have been selected for because they contribute in some way to reproductive success
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Evolutionary Psychology
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the branch of psychology that studies human behavior by asking what adaptive problems it may have solved for our early ancestors
