General Psychology- Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Scientific method
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a way of learning about the world through collecting observations.
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Pseudoscience
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a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method
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Scientific literacy
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the ability to understand analyze, & apply scientific information
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Space practicing is better than mass practicing
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the 2009 study discussed in the textbook showed that spacing was better than massing when studying vocabulary words
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Space practicing
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breakdown of a lesson to learn in sections instead of studying them all at once
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Mass practicing
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studying vocabulary words all at once instead of braking them down to learn by section
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Skepticism
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involves not automatically excepting statements as fact, and instead asking to the see the evidence behind it
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The part skepticism plays in critical thinking
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causes a person to question everything instead of excepting it leading to a better, well-rounded answer
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Empiricism
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a philosophical tenet that knowledge about the world comes from careful observation, not commonsense or speculation
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How did various philosophical & scientific fields become major influences on psychology?
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We see this in the textbook; in fact, the authors believe scholars in the 1600's did not apply scientific methodology to the study o the mind and human behavior. They believed that humans were not just physical machines, and could NOT be studied using science.
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Broca & Wernicke
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well known for discovering bran regions that, when damaged, lead to difficulty speaking and understanding language.
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Broca
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Discovered that damage to the brain lead to difficulty speaking
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Wernicke
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Discovered that damage to the brain lead to difficulty understanding language
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What two scientist were responsible for discovering the language center of the brain?
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Broca & Wernicke
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Introspection
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the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes
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Ivan Pavlov
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Russian physiologist, contributed to the discovery in classical conditioning, or central to behaviorism
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Dr. Barnouti has a PhD in psychology and works for the military. His goal is to find a way to keep soldiers alert & focused during long missions where they get little to no sleep. Dr. Barnouti would best be described as what type of psychologist?
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Applied
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Psychiatry
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branch of medicine and is practiced by physicians with medical degrees.
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Some states allow many psychologists to work with a ___1___ but many have to have a __2__ or a __3__ degree.
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1. masters 2. PhD 3. PsyD
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Clinical Psychologist
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the field of psychology that concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. The other types of psychologist do not typically diagnose or treat mental disorder.
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Which school of psychology questioned whether psychologists should study the mind?
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Behaviorism
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Which school of psychology was thought to be unobservable?
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Structuralism
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The Belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on a person's behavior is part of which early approach to psychology?
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Psychoanalysis
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How does nature and nurture work together to influence behavior and mental processes?
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There have been advocates for nature or genetic inheritance being the dominant force governing behavior, and others proposing nurture or environment as primary influence. It appears the current feeling rests between a combination of the two.
