general chemestry 121 – Flashcards
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| physics |
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| concerned with the description and understanding of nature. |
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| standard unit |
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| officially accepted unit of measurement |
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| systems of units |
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| group of standard units and their combination. |
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| international system of units |
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| modern version of the metric system. officially abbreviated as SI. |
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| base units |
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| meter and kilogram |
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| derived units |
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| expressed in terms of combination of base units. |
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| length |
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| the base quantity used to measure distances or dimensions in space |
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| Meter (m) |
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| the SI unit for length. |
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| mass |
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| is the base quantity used to describe amounts of matter. |
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| Kilogram (kg) |
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| the SI unit of mass |
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| weight |
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| is the gravitational attraction that the earth exerts on the object |
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| time |
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| is the continuous, forward flow of events |
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| second(s) |
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| the SI unit of time |
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| SI has seven base units for seven base quantities. |
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| (1)Length, (2)Mass, (3)Time, (4)Electric Current, (5)Temperature in kelvins(K), (6)amount of substance in moles(mol), (7)Luminous intensity in candelas. |
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| second |
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| time |
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| Kelvin(K) |
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| temerature |
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| mole(mol) |
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| amount of substance |
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| Candela(cd) |
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| luminous intensity |
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| mks system |
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| meter-kilogram-seccond |
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| cgs system |
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| centimeter-gram-second |
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| fps system |
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| foot-pound-second |
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| Volume |
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| the SI standard unit of volume is the cubic meter |
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| unit analysis |
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| using units to check equations |
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| Density (p) |
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| Mass over Volume |
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| Conversion factors |
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| equivalence statements expressed in the form of ratios. |
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| exact numbers |
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| numbers without any uncertainty or error. |
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| measured numbers |
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| are numbers obtained from measurement processes and thus generally have some degree of uncertainty or error |
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| significant figures |
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| the significant figures in any measurement are the digits that are known with certainty, plus one digit that is uncertain. |
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| order-of-magnitude calculations |
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| means that we express a quantity of the power of 10 closest to the actual value |
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| Matter |
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| the physical material of hte universe, it is anything that has mass and occupies space |
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| property |
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| is any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types. |
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| elements |
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| elementary substances |
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| atoms |
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| the small building blocks of matter. |
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| molecules |
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| two or more atoms are joined together in specific shapes. |
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| chemistry |
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| the study of the properties and behavior of matter |
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| states of matter |
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| differ in some of their simple observable properties |
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| gas |
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| has no fixed volume or shape. it conforms to the volume and shape of its continer. a gas can be compressed to occupy a smaller volume |
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| liquid |
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| has a distinct volume independent of its container but has no specific shape. |
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| pure substances |
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| reffered to simply as a substance is matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from one sample to another. |
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| Elements |
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| can't be composed into similar substances. |
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| compounds |
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| substances composed of two or more elements. |
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| law of constant composition |
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| the observation that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same. |
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| solutions |
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| homogeneous mixtures |
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| physical properties |
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| can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance. |
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| chemical properties |
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| the way a substance may change or react to form other substances. |
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| intensive properties |
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| they do not depend on the amount of the sample being examined, and are particularly useful because it helps identify substances. |
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| extensive properties |
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| depend on the quantity of the sample, these relate to the amount of substance present |
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| physical change |
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| a substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition. |
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| changes of state |
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| when a substance changes from either liquid, solid or gas to another state. |
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| chemical change |
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| happens when a substance is changed chemically |
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| scientific law |
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| is a concise verbal statement or a mathematical equation that summarizes a broad variety of observations and experiences |
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| Metric system |
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| units used for scientific measurements. |
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| SI Units |
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| has seven base units from which all others units are derived. |
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| Celsius scale |
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| this is the temperature scale commonly employed in scientific studies. |
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| Kelvin Scale |
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| is the SI unit for temperature. |
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| precision |
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| is a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another. |
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| accuracy |
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| refers to how closely individual measurements agree with the true value |
