question

Minor stresses may be more strongly related to mental health than major stressful events largely because -- of the cumulative nature of stress. -- minor stresses lead to more intense physiological arousal than major stresses. -- we are much more intimately involved with minor stresses. -- we feel more out of control with minor stresses than we do with major stresses.

answer

of the cumulative nature of stress

question

Circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one's well-being and tax one's coping abilities defines a. frustration. b. stress. c. pressure. d. conflict.

answer

stress

question

What does the research have to say about the general effect of everyday problems and the minor nuisances of life? -- minor stresses produce minor effects -- minor stresses have negative effects only when coupled with major stresses -- minor stresses may have significant harmful effects on both physical and mental health -- minor stresses often have significant harmful effects on mental health, but don't affect physical health

answer

minor stresses may have significant harmful effects on both physical and mental health

question

When we say that stress "lies in the mind of the beholder" we mean that -- our appraisals of stressful events are basically objective. -- the autonomic nervous system triggers a fight-or-flight response, which then sends messages of stress to the brain. -- strong-minded persons are better able to handle stressful events than weak-minded ones. -- our appraisals of stressful events are highly subjective.

answer

our appraisals of stressful events are highly subjective

question

Principle types of stress include a. conflict, fear, pressure. b. change, frustration, pressure. c. anxiety, conflict, change. d. frustration, conflict, anxiety

answer

change, frustration, pressure

question

When a person's pursuit of a goal is blocked or thwarted, the person experiences a. change. b. pressure. c. frustration. d. conflict.

answer

frustration

question

Conflict a. involves any noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment. b. involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way. c. is experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted. d. occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.

answer

occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

question

High scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale were found to be correlated with psychological disturbances and a. Type A behavior pattern. b. physical illness. c. pessimistic attitudes. d. all of the above.

answer

physical illness

question

Next semester John needs to take one required course to complete his history major. The two sections of the course are offered at 8:00 a.m. (not ideal for John who likes to sleep until 10:00 a.m.) and at noon with a Professor usually referred to as Dr. Dull. As John decides on his schedule he will most likely experience an _____ conflict. a. avoidance-avoidance b. approach-avoidance c. attack-avoidance d. approach-approach

answer

avoidance-avoidance

question

Susan is shopping for a new car. She was planning on purchasing a car she could afford if she takes out a small loan. She just looked at a car that she "fell in love with" but she would need to double the size of her car loan to buy it. As Susan decides whether to purchase the more expensive car, she will MOST likely experience an a. approach-avoidance conflict. b. attractive-unattractive conflict. c. approach-approach conflict. d. avoidance-avoidance conflict.

answer

approach-avoidance conflict

question

Behavioral vacillation would be MOST apt to go with which type of conflict? a. approach-avoidance b. approach-approach c. avoidance-avoidance d. frustration

answer

approach-avoidance

question

According to Barbara Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory, positive emotions do all of the following EXCEPT a. are associated with an enhanced immune response . b. alter people's mindsets, broadening their scope of attention, and increasing their creativity and flexibility in problem-solving . c. undo the lingering effects of negative emotions, and thus short circuit the potentially damaging physiological responses to stress that we will discuss momentarily. d. promote rewarding social interactions that help to build valuable social support, enhanced coping strategies, and other enduring personal resources.

answer

are associated with an enhanced immune response

question

People with higher scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) tend to be a. less likely to exhibit vacillation when making decisions. b. more likely to exhibit vacillation when making decisions. c. less vulnerable to developing physical illness. d. more vulnerable to developing physical illness.

answer

more vulnerable to developing physical illness

question

Pressure- a. involves any noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment. b. involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way. c. is experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted. d. occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.

answer

involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way

question

Which of the following is NOT one of humans' responses to stress? a. behavioral b. sensory c. emotional d. physiological

answer

sensory

question

Damage to organ systems within the body have been observed a. following chronic stress. b. following acute stress. c. only during the resistance stage. d. in men but not women.

answer

following chronic stress

question

Neurogenesis appears to enhance _____ and may lead to _____ when suppressed. a. synaptic plasticity; depression b. depression; synaptic plasticity c. depression; learning and memory d. learning and memory; depression

answer

learning and memory; depression

question

As a task becomes more complex, the optimal level of arousal to perform the task best a. increases. b. stays the same. c. first decreases and then increases. d. decreases.

answer

decreases

question

The hypothalamus seems to be particularly sensitive to the effects of stress. In fact, prolonged stress can impair a. neurogenesis. b. neurotransmitter release. c. ACTH release. d. none of the above has been shown to be impaired within the hypothalamus following stress.

answer

neurogenesis

question

An organism first recognizes the existence of a threat and physiological arousal occurs during the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. a. fight-or-flight b. resistance c. exhaustion d. alarm reaction

answer

alarm reaction

question

The stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome one enters after the body is exposed to prolonged stress is called the a. stage of resistance. b. alarm reaction stage. c. third stage. d. sympathetic stage.

answer

stage of resistance

question

Brooke had been battling the rising floodwaters around her home for more than 72 hours. It seemed that no matter how many sandbags she stacked, it wasn't enough. At this point she just feels that there is nothing else that she can do. Her overall energy reserves are totally depleted, and her body just wants to give up. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Brooke is probably experiencing a. the stage of resistance. b. an alarm reaction. c. the stage of exhaustion. d. recovery.

answer

the stage of exhaustion

question

When the adrenal medulla is stimulated a. large amounts of catecholamines are released into the bloodstream. b. the hormone ACTH is secreted. c. corticosteroids are absorbed by the adrenal glands. d. the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.

answer

large amounts of catecholamines are released into the bloodstream

question

In times of stress, stimulation of the pituitary gland results in the adrenal gland secreting hormones that tend to a. decrease emotional arousal. b. mobilize the body for action. c. conserve energy. d. increase energy and inhibit tissue inflammation.

answer

increase energy and inhibit tissue inflammation

question

Active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress are called a. aggressing. b. resisting. c. coping. d. defending.

answer

coping

question

People who use "giving up" or behavioral disengagement as a coping strategy typically experience a. catastrophic thinking and self-blame. b. a release of negative emotional tension. c. increased, rather than decreased, distress. d. overcompensation or intellectualization.

answer

increased, rather than decreased, distress

question

When people who are confronted by stressful situations engage in self-blame, they are MOST likely to a. show evidence of catharsis or displaced aggression. b. experience a decrease in their overall level of autonomic arousal. c. find that their social support networks are strengthened. d. aggravate and perpetuate problematic emotional reactions to stress.

answer

aggravate and perpetuate problematic emotional reactions to stress

question

Freud's idea that emotional tension can be released through behavior and that this response may be adaptive is known as a. catharsis. b. displacement. c. an unconditioned response. d. the safety-valve effect.

answer

catharsis

question

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt are a. learned helplessness. b. general adaptation mechanisms. c. defense mechanisms. d. constructive coping mechanisms.

answer

defense mechanisms

question

Relatively healthful efforts that people make to deal with stressful events are referred to as a. adaptive coping. b. offensive coping. c. defensive coping. d. constructive coping.

answer

constructive coping

question

Social support is _____ correlated with mortality. a. inversely b. not at all c. slightly d. positively

answer

inversely

question

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the Type A personality? a. anger and hostility b. competitive orientation c. impatient d. relaxed

answer

relaxed

question

The component of the Type A personality that is MOST directly related to developing heart disease is a. competitive orientation. b. anger and hostility. c. perfectionism. d. impatience and time urgency.

answer

anger and hostility

question

According to a study by Williams et al (2002), _____ anger level was associated with a 36% _____ in coronary attacks. a. moderate; decrease b. low; increase c. low; decrease d. moderate; increase

answer

moderate; increase

question

Stress affects the immune system by a. increasing its activity, thus providing more protection from illness. b. altering its activity to defend against specific illnesses. c. reducing its activity initially, but then increasing its activity after an adjustment period. d. reducing its activity, thus causing the body to become more vulnerable to illness.

answer

reducing its activity, thus causing the body to become more vulnerable to illness

question

Having someone to rely on, provide you with emotional support, and help you preserve your health constitutes a. therapy. b. Having someone to rely on, provide you with emotional support, and help you preserve your health constitutes a. therapy. b. social support. c. optimism. d. locus of control.

answer

social support

question

Which personality characteristic is most associated with superior physical health as well as higher academic achievement and increased productivity? a. agreeableness b. openness c. optimism d. extraversion

answer

optimism

question

The average smoker has an estimated life expectancy _____ shorter than that of a similar nonsmoker. a. 4-5 years b. 8-9 years c. 13-14 years d. 19-20 years

answer

13-14 years

question

The fact that stress lies in the eye of the beholder illustrates the theme of a. multifactorial causation. b. empiricism. c. psychology in a socio-historical context. d. the subjectivity of experience.

answer

the subjectivity of experience

question

Albert Ellis believes people can alter their _____ stress by altering their _____ stressful events. a. cognitive appraisal of; physiological reaction to b. emotional response to; cognitive appraisal of c. cognitive appraisal of; emotional response to d. physiological reaction to; emotional response to

answer

emotional response to; cognitive appraisal of

question

According to Albert Ellis, the key to reducing unrealistic appraisals of stress is to a. ignore your feelings. b. focus on what you should be doing. c. avoid examining your self-talk too closely. d. dispute irrational assumptions.

answer

avoid examining your self-talk too closely

question

Finding humor in a stressful situation a. is a counterproductive way of reducing stress. b. ignores the reality of the situation and makes it difficult to combat stress. c. can help to reduce stress by affecting appraisal of the event. d. is an irrational reaction to a serious situation that requires a rational response.

answer

can help to reduce stress by affecting appraisal of the event

question

The relaxation response is useful in a. decreasing emotional arousal. b. decreasing physiological arousal. c. decreasing emotional and physiological arousal. d. decreasing emotional, physiological, and cognitive arousal.

answer

decreasing emotional and physiological arousal

question

Which of the following is the BEST piece of advice regarding exercise and its ability to reduce your vulnerability to stress? a. select a strenuous activity that will stretch you to the limit of your ability b. become competitive in a team sport c. gradually increase your participation in an enjoyable activity d. play to win in competitive activities

answer

gradually increase your participation in an enjoyable activity

question

_____ refers to efforts to master, reduce, or _____ the demands created by stress. a. Neurogenesis; inhibit b. Coping; tolerate c. Coping; eliminate d. Neurogenesis; eliminate

answer

Coping; tolerate

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