Gambino SCF chapters 10, 11, 13 Chemistry Everyday – Flashcards
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Consider the reaction: 3Fe2+(aq) + 2Al(s) --> 3Fe(s) + 2Al3+(aq) Which of the following statements is true about Fe2+?
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Fe2+ is oxidized. Fe2+ is the reducing agent. Fe2+ is the oxidizing agent. Fe2+ is losing electrons. Answer: Fe2+ is the oxidizing agent.
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Electrolysis
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is used to reduce aluminum ore to pure metal. both b and c is the process of producing electricity. uses electrical energy to produce chemical change. Answer: both b and c
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Free radicals are particles that
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all of the above act as oxidizing agents. grab another electron from a neighboring molecule. have an unpaired electron. Answer: All of the Above
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Identify the oxidized species in the following equation 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
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O2- Al3+ O2(g) Al(s) Answer: Al(s)
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In the equation 2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2 Na+ + 2 Cl-, the oxidizing agent is
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Na(s). Cl-. Na+. Cl2(g). Answer: Cl2(g).
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Oxidation always occurs
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only for metal atoms and not ions. with the gain of electrons. with the gain of hydrogen. with the loss of electrons. Answer: with the loss of electrons.
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Reduction can be viewed as a either a gain of electrons or hydrogen atoms.
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True
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Vitamin C and beta-carotene are antioxidants found currently in vitamin supplements.
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True
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When a zinc strip is placed in a copper(II) sulfate solution,
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All of the above occur. the copper(II) solution will lose its blue color. the zinc will dissolve. black crystals of copper atoms appear. Answer: All of the above occur.
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The reaction(s) found in primary batteries are easily reversible.
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False Secondary Battery
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The substance oxidized in an oxidation reduction reaction serves as the reducing agent by losing electrons. ??????????? The computer saying False
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True
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Which of the batteries listed below is a primary battery?
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a) alkaline battery b) lead acid battery c) nickel-cadmium battery d) lithium ion battery Answer: alkaline battery
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Which of the following are paired correctly?
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H2O2 - oxidizing agent NaOCl - reducing agent Cl2 - reducing agent SO2 - oxidizing agent Answer: H2O2 - oxidizing agent
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Which of the following is a free radical?
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nitrogen dioxide, NO2 chlorine, Cl2 fluorine, F2 ozone, O3 ANSWER: nitrogen dioxide, NO2
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Which of the following is not a definition of oxidation?
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addition of oxygen loss of electrons loss of hydrogen loss of protons ANSWER: loss of protons
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Which of the following is not an antioxidant vitamin?
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vitamin D vitamin A vitamin C vitamin E ANSWER: vitamin D
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Which of the following is the function of a bleaching agent?
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oxidize bleach remove salts from hard water oxidize colored chemicals reduce colored chemicals ANSWER: oxidize colored chemicals
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Which of the following might prevent corrosion of iron?
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salt solutions acid treatments a water spray a coating of zinc ANSWER: a coating of zinc
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Which one of the following will not combine with oxygen?
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helium aluminum hydrogen nitrogen ANSWER: helium (Noble Gas)
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Which of the following equations does not fit the definition of oxidation?
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C + O2 → CO2 Na → Na+ + e- C2H6 → H2 + C2H4 Ag+ + e- → Ag ANSWER: Ag+ + e- → Ag
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Acid rain (acid deposition) contributes to which of the following problems?
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leaching of metal ions into groundwater all of these dead lakes where fish cannot survive damage to forests Answer: all of these
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Fertilizers such as nitrates and phosphates are examples of what type of pollutant?
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plant nutrients infectious agents minerals and chemicals oxygen-demanding wastes Answer: plant nutrients
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Freshwater can be made from seawater by
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by both distillation and reverse osmosis distillation. filtration. reverse osmosis. Answer: reverse osmosis.
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Hard water can be caused by the presence of
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Na+ and Al3+. Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+. K+ and Pb2+. Na+ and K+. Answer: Calcium, Magnesium and Iron Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+.
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Identify the exothermic process among the following.
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melting ice 100 cal of energy are absorbed boiling water wood burning Answer: wood burning
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If a sample of tap water has the smell of rotten eggs, which substance is likely present?
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hydrogen sulfide copper algae chlorine Answer: hydrogen sulfide
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Of the household wastes listed below (all of which would be considered industrial hazardous wastes), which one could be disposed of down the sink?
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furniture polish oil-based paints latex paint automotive antifreeze Answer: latex paint
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Oxygen
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is not required to metabolize organic material in water. is more soluble in cold water than in warm water. is more soluble in warm water than in cold water. does not react with water pollutants. Answer: is more soluble in cold water than in warm water.
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Potable is another term for polluted water.
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False Potable means drinkable water, drinking water quality
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Precipitation with a pH of 8.0 would classify as acid rain.
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False Acid Rain has a pH below 5.6
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The pH of rain is not 7 due to the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide.
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True
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Two acids found in acid rain are
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carbonic acid and acetic acid. sulfuric acid and nitric acid. phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. nitric acid and phosphoric acid. Answer: sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
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What percentage of the human body is water?
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70%
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Which of the following is the major user of water in the United States?
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industry steam-electric utilities agriculture households Answer: agriculture
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Which of the following pollutants does not contribute to acid rain?
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NO2 Nitric Acid O3 (ozone) SO2 Sulfuric Acid
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Which process is not used by nature to purify natural water?
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aeration sedimentation distillation chlorination Answer: chlorination
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The disinfectant widely used in Europe to kill harmful bacteria in water treatment plants is ozone. bromine. oxygen. sodium hypochlorite.
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ozone. bromine. oxygen. sodium hypochlorite. Answer: ozone.
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What physical state is water found under normal conditions that exist on Earth?
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all the above gas liquid solid Answer: all the above
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What substances are used to disinfect water?
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organic peroxides inorganic acids hydrogen peroxide and ammonia ozone and chlorine Answer: ozone and chlorine
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Which of the following dissolved substances would you not expect to be in "pure" water?
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dust particles Fe2+ CN- O2 Answer: CN-
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A major, unsolved problem with nuclear energy is
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what to do with nuclear wastes with long half-lives. acquiring land on which to build nuclear reactors. cost. engineering problems with design reactors. Answer: what to do with nuclear wastes with long half-lives.
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A transuranium element is a naturally occurring element with more the 92 neutrons.
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False Would have said Protons to make it true
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Beta particles, positrons and gamma rays all are considered to have a mass of 0.
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True only the Alpha has a mass of 4.
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Chernobyl is the site of a 1986 nuclear reactor accident that
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killed 4300 workers who cleaned up the site. occurred near Kiev, Ukraine. occurred when the graphite (carbon) core caught fire. all of these Answer: all of these
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Elements with an atomic number greater than 83 are unstable.
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True
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If the half-life of an element is 12 years. How much of a 5.00 g sample remains after 36 years?
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2.50 1.25 0.313 0.625 Answer: 0.625 Divide 5.00 by 2 3 times.
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In the symbol 238U, the 238 is
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the number of protons in the atom. the atomic number. the mass number. the number of neutrons in the atom. Answer: the mass number. Remember Neutrons are different
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Radon in the air arises from
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increased use of microwave devices by humans. radioactive decay of uranium in the soil. sun's ultraviolet radiation that enters earth's atmosphere. radiation produced by worldwide use of electrical power lines. Answer: radioactive decay of uranium in the soil.
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Rank the following types of radiation from least penetrating to most penetrating:
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α β γ β < a < g γ < b < a α < b < g β < g < a α < g < b Answer: α < b < g Alpha < Beta < Gamma
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Stable nuclei (that is, nonradioactive nuclei) have mass numbers that are
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ten times the atomic number. less than twice as large as the atomic number. twice as large as the atomic number or even larger. equal to the atomic number. Answer: twice as large as the atomic number or even larger.
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The binding energy of a nucleus is
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A) All of the preceding answers are correct. B) the energy emitted when separate neutrons, protons, and electrons combine to form an atom. C) equivalent to a quantity of mass expressed by Einstein's equation, E = mc2. D) the energy required to dissociate an atom into separate neutrons, protons, and neutrons. Answer: the energy required to dissociate an atom into separate neutrons, protons, and neutrons.
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The mass numbers of stable isotopes are always twice as large (or larger) than the atomic number.
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True
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The nuclear reaction that changes one element into another element is called a
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decay series. half-life. chemical reaction. transmutation. Answer: transmutation.
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What type of particle is emitted when a U-235 decays to Np-235?
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alpha particle beta particle neutron helium nuclei Answer: beta particle
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Which is true about fusion?
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All statements are true. Very high temperatures are required. Fusion produces fewer radioactive byproducts. Fusion occurs in a plasma of charged particles. Answer: All statements are true.
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Which of the following characterizes a beta particle?
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is attracted to the negatively charged plate in an electric field carries a positive charge is more penetrating than a gamma ray is a product of natural radioactive decay Answer: is a product of natural radioactive decay
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Which of the following characterizes a gamma ray?
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is attracted to the positively charged plate in an electric field is composed of electrons is more penetrating than an alpha ray does not cause any damage Answer: is more penetrating than an alpha ray
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Which of the following characterizes an alpha particle?
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carries a negative charge is composed of electrons Correct! is attracted to the negatively charge plate in an electric field is more penetrating than a gamma ray Answer: is attracted to the negitively charge plate in an electric field
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Which type of radiation has no charge or mass?
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gamma alpha positron beta Answer: gamma
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Which type of radiation is the most penetrating?
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beta all have about the same penetrating power alpha gamma Answer: gamma
