G BIO – Ch8 LC – Evolution & Natural Selection – Flashcards

During genetic drift, where do the genes drift to?

Adaptation:

Tiktaalik appears to:

To establish that evolution by natural selection is operating in a population, one must demonstrate variability for a trait, heritability of that trait, differential reproductive success based on that trait, and:

Which of the following statements best describes artificial selection?

Radiometric dating is useful in conjunction with the study of the fossil record because:

Which scientist is incorrectly matched to his scientific/evolutionary contribution?

Which of the following is NOT an important reason that natural selection does not lead to perfect organisms? A) Environments change quickly; natural selection may be too slow to adapt an organism in a population to the constantly "moving target" of the environment. B) Variation is created by random processes and natural selection can only "work" with the variations that show up. C) There are often multiple alleles for a trait; each allele may represent an equally fit "solution" to the challenges of the environment. D) All of the above are important reasons that natural selection does not lead to perfect organisms. E) None of the above is an important reason explaining why natural selection does not lead to perfect organisms.

Which of the following is a primary line of evidence demonstrating the occurrence of evolution? A) Fossil record B) Biogeography C) Comparative anatomy and embryology D) Molecular biology E) All of the above.

When a group of individuals colonizes a new habitat, this is likely to be an evolutionary event because:

Among the following group of organisms, which of the following would be considered the "fittest" organism?

Radiometric dating:

Most mutations:

Which of the following types of selection is INCORRECTLY matched with its example?

Which of the following are true about marsupial mammals? A) They fill many niches in Australia that are occupied by placental mammals in other parts of the world. B) They are less fit than placental mammals. C) They have gone extinct as a result of the greater fitness of placental mammals. D) They are more closely related to each other than they are to placental mammals. E) Both the A) and D) answer choices are correct.

Which statement best describes evolution?

____________ selection favors organisms that have character values at both extremes of the phenotypic distribution.

The amino acid chains making up hemoglobin in different species:

Which of the following does NOT cause mutation?

"Survival of the fittest" is a misleading phrase. Individuals with the greatest __________ ________ are the most fit in any population.

Which of the following best explains the difference between homologous and analogous structures and traits?

The chief concern among conservation biologists trying to protect small populations is:

Estimates of evolutionary relatedness based on a "molecular clock" are supported by: A) the fossil record. B) observations of comparative anatomy. C) the mutation rate of other genes. D) A) and B) support the molecular clock estimates of evolutionary relatedness. E) All of the above.

An organism's fitness is measured: A) relative to other genotypes/phenotypes in the population. B) only for a specific environment. C) by reproductive success. D) for a given point in time. E) All of the above.

Australia is a largely isolated habitat filled with unique organisms. Given the fact that placental mammals are not commonly found in Australia, which of the following would best explain this phenomenon?

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Which one of the following is NOT an agent of evolutionary change?

During gene flow, where do the genes flow to?

Which of the following proposed methods is most likely to give rise to a large population of smaller-than-average dogs after 20 generations?

In a large population of randomly breeding foxes, a dominant allele results in a soft, brown pelt, while a recessive allele results in a rough, grey pelt. The dominant allele is found in 80% of the population while the recessive allele is found in 20%. There is no migration, drift, or selection in the population. When human beings enter this habitat, they selectively hunt foxes with brown pelts. After many generations of this activity, how will this population change?

Which of the following best supports the idea that the frequency of recessive alleles does not decrease over time?

Which of the following best describes worldwide views before and after Darwin?

Which of the following statements about mutations is most accurate?

The Pennsylvania Dutch Amish have historically been a small, isolated population in the United States. Within this population, there is a different frequency of alleles than there is throughout the population of southern Germany and Switzerland from which they came. Given this information, how is it possible that polydactyly, or the condition where people have extra fingers and toes, is more common within this group?

Which of the following is considered a result of natural selection?

Which of the following is NOT an important reason that natural selection does not lead to perfect organisms? A) Environments change quickly; natural selection may be too slow to adapt an organism in a population to the constantly "moving target" of the environment. B) Variation is created by random processes and natural selection can only "work" with the variations that show up. C) There are often multiple alleles for a trait; each allele may represent an equally fit "solution" to the challenges of the environment. D) All of the above are important reasons that natural selection does not lead to perfect organisms. E) None of the above is an important reason explaining why natural selection does not lead to perfect organisms.