!!! FISDAP EMT Medical Study Guide – Flashcards
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a&p for ch. 19-26
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conditions in index for ch. 19-26
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glossary words for ch. 19-26
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medical terms for ch. 19-26
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pathophysiology for ch. 19-26
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Arteriovenous Shunt
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Complications of renal dialysis
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s/s of problems with dialysis - hypotension, muscle cramps, peritonitis, n/v, hemorrhage, infection at the access site, irregular pulse, cardiac arrest, difficulty breathing. Missed dialysis
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) pathophysiology and effects on the respiratory system
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hyperglycemic condition in Type 1 diabetics, caused by infection, inadequate doses of insulin, other medications, stress, or change in diet. BGL of 350+ Causes dehydration and acidosis. The liver converts to metabolizing fats for sustenance, which creates a byproduct called ketones (acid). Acetone breath - SOB
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Egress
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Evaluation for causes of AMS with an unknown origin
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Indications to check a BGL
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Mechanism of action of epinephrine
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Mimics the sympathetic nervous system response. Rapid response upon injection, but effectiveness only lasts 10-20 minutes.
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Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis
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Bronchoconstriction and swelling in lower airways. Blood vessel dilation and capillary leakage. Increase in mucus production.
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Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Anemia
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s/s of meningitis
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s/s of a narcotic overdosing
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slow/shallow breathing, clammy skin, watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, restlessness, slow pulse, decreased BP, diarrhea, loss of appetite, irritability, panic, chills/sweating, cramps
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s/s of severe dehydration
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special considerations for hypothermia
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syncope
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Fainting = sudden and temporary LOC from lack of blood flow to the brain (lack of oxygen) Generally when a person stands up or is standing.
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therapeutic communication
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Explain everything you are doing. Make them comfortable. Be honest and do not lie about anything. Ask questions in a calm, reassuring voice and let them tell their side of the story. Be polite, use manners, show respect, make no assumptions.
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differentiate between anaphylaxis and allergic reactions
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differentiate between seizure phases
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Aura (sensory perception), LOC, Tonic (muscle rigidity), Hypertonic (extreme rigidity), Clonic (convulsion), Postictal (recovery)
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evaluate scene safety with a psychiatric population
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Locate patient visually before entering the scene. Call the police if you are unsure the scene is safe. Never let anyone get between you and the exit. Never turn your back on a patient. Scan for objects that could hurt you or the patient. If they have a weapon, explain you can't help them until it is relinquished. Do not ignore the weapon.
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recognize a TBI
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recognize hypoglycemia
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PRIMARY SIGN - AMS Rapid decline, within 20 minutes. s/s include diaphoresis, tremors, weakness, hunger, tachycardia, dizziness, shock skin, warm sensation.
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recognize hyperglycemia
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Not enough insulin to move glucose into the cells. Persistent BGL of at least 120. HALLMARK - acetone breath (fruity) Includes DKA and HHNS
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treat anaphylaxis
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Autoinjectors with epinephrine. 0.3 mg for adults (66+ lbs) 0.15 mg for children (-66 lbs)
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treat for a patient with a snakebite
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Immobilize joint! Movement will spread venom further.
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treat for GI bleeding
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Keep airway patent, put in position of comfort or recovery position, maintain oxygenation, never give anything by mouth, provide emotional support, treat for shock if needed, transport
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treat for heat stroke and heat exhaustion
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use the Cincinnati Stroke Scale
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Facial droop, arm drift, and abnormal speech
