First Aid Quiz 3 – Flashcards
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Fractures
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A break in the bone
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open frature
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bone outside of the skin
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closed fracture
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bone broken on the inside of the skin
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greenstick fracture
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most common in kids, broken but not split in 1/2, splinters, takes a soft bone to do this
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transverse fracture
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a bone broken completley in 1/2- complete break through the the bone most common in long bones
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spiral fracture
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break around the bone, spirals around and follows the long axsis. usually due to compression injuries
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avulsion fracture
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pulled off section of bone near the insertion, piece of bone still attached to the tendon, common in a sprained ankle
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stress fracture
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tiny microscopic breaks in the bone, heal by stoping the pain causing exersice
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sprain
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damaged ligament 1st degree- ligament is damages 3rd degree- ligament is completley torn
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strain
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muscles strained 1st-3rd degree
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dislocation
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injury to joint, commonly popped out of place joint no longer in tact, usually more severe than sprain or strain
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Levels of severity (most-least)
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Dislocation-fracture-sprain/strain
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signs and symptoms
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pop or crack noise, point tenderness, deformity, crepitus, swelling, loss of functions, parathesia, loss of consiousness
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crepitus
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a grinding/popping sound a patient can hear as bodily part moves
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Rigid Splint
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board, SAM, vaccume
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Board
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literally a piece of ply wood
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SAM
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bendable to some degree,
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Vaccume splint
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Big Bag, pump fill with air
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Anatomical
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splint a finger- strapping two fingers together- strapping one body part to another
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Soft splints
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blanket, air, sling
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Traction
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lay rescuers cannot use this
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Function of Splints
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decrease of pain immobilization- prevent further damage
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Rules for splinter
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without additional pain position- same position you found them in immobilize joint above and below check for pulse before and after nuero- wiggle fingers before and after let someone know what type of fracture it is
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R.I.C.E
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Rest. immobilization. cold. elevation
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Arterial bleeding
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fully oxygenated, bright red, comes in spurt. comes out very quick, sometimes foamy due to the evaporation of oxygen
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Venous bleed
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deoxygenated, dark red, comes out in a steady flow, big ooze no squirts
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capillary bleeding
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paper cut, very little bleeding, more concered about infection, turf burns
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functions of blood
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CO2, O2, nutriesnts, hormones transport heat immunity
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abrasion
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piece of skin ripped off, turf burn, floor burn road rash
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incision
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straight cut, know wound, clean edges deep insicion= venous or arterial bleeding
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laceration
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smaller but deeper then abrasion, do clean edges, relativley deep
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puncture
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step on a nail/screw, can be deep, but small surface area. be concerned about what punctured you, for infection ( tetnus)
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Avulsion
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Almost tear a body part off, ex finger tips, ear lobes
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Amputation
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body part completley ripped off
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First Aid for bleeding
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1. direct pressure- put pressure on wound and hold tight 2.pressure banages- a secure dressing, could be a bandaid even 3.tourniquet- last ditch effort.
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epidermis
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first layer, dead keratinized skin cells, tough, hard for microorgnisims to get through
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dermis
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live cells, has chemo and thermo receptors, and blood and nerves
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subcuatneous fat
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under dermis, holds skin firmness
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Burn causes
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thermal chemical electrical radiation
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Types of burns
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superficial partial thickness full thickness
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First aid for burns
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remove from source of burn put cool water on burn put on dry sterile dressing put on loose bandage treat for shock if necessary
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MSDS
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material saftey and data sheet
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Requirements for MSDS
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Indentification list of hazerdous ingredients physical data of chemical fire explosion catagory first aid procedure
