question

heat cramps

answer

a painful muscle cramp resulting from excessive loss of salt and water through sweating

question

heat exhaustion

answer

a prostration caused by excessive loss of water and salt through sweating; characterized by clammy skin and a weak, rapid pulse

question

heatstroke

answer

a life-threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat

question

thermoregulation

answer

the body's ability to maintain a normal body temperature despite the weather

question

yes

answer

yes/no For heat cramps in the legs, stretch the cramped muscle.

question

yes

answer

yes/no commercial sports drinks can be given to victims of heat-related emergencies

question

yes

answer

yes/no move victims of heat-related illness to a cool place

question

yes

answer

yes/no victims of heatstroke need immediate medical care - it is a life-threatening condition

question

yes

answer

yes/no cool heatstroke victims rapidly, including the use of ice packs applied to the neck, armpits, and groin.

question

no

answer

yes/no fruit juices are digested quickly and rehydrate the body most rapidly

question

yes

answer

yes/no you can drink too much water and cause water intoxification

question

no

answer

yes/no humidity cannot significantly reduce evaporative cooling

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yes

answer

yes/no certain medications predispose to heatstroke

question

yes

answer

yes/no heat exhaustion can feel like the flu

question

anyone

answer

given the right conditions, ________ can develop a heat illness

question

dispersing, produces

answer

the human body is constantly __________ the heat that it ________

question

heatstroke

answer

heat illness include a range of disorders from heat cramps to heatstroke. _________ is life-threatening.

question

heat cramps

answer

1. move victim to a cool place 2. stretch the cramped muscle 3. remove excess or tight clothing 4. if the victim is responsive, give water or a sports drink

question

cool place, stretch, clothing, water, sports drink

answer

for heat cramps: 1. move victim to a ______ _______ 2. ______ the cramped muscle 3. remove excess or tight ______ 4. if the victim is responsive, give ______ or a ______ ______

question

heat exhaustion

answer

1. move victim to a cool place 2. have victim lie down 3. apply cool, wet towels to head and body 4. if the victim is responsive, give water or sports drink 5. seek medical care if no improvement within 30 minutes.

question

cool place, lie down, wet towels, water, 30

answer

for heat exhaustion: 1. move victim to a ______ ______ 2. have victim ______ ______ 3. apply cool, ______ ______ to head and body 4. if the victim is responsive, give ______ or sports drink 5. seek medical care if no improvement within ______ minutes.

question

heatstroke

answer

1. move victim to a cool place 2. call 911 3. if unresponsive, open airway, check breathing, and provide appropriate care 4. rapidly cool victim by whatever means possible (cool, wet sheets; ice or cold packs against armpits, side of neck and groin)

question

cool place, 911, airway, breathing, cool, wet, ice

answer

for heatstroke: 1. move victim to a ______ ______ 2. call ______ 3. if unresponsive, open ______ , check ______ , and provide appropriate care 4. rapidly ______ victim by whatever means possible (cool , ______ sheets; ______ or cold packs against armpits, side of neck and groin)

question

heat cramps

answer

painful muscle spasm during or after physical activity; usually lower leg affected

question

heat exhaustion

answer

heavy sweating; severe thirst; weakness; headache; nausea and vomiting

question

heatstroke

answer

extremely hot skin; dry skin (may be wet at first); confusion; seizures; unresponsiveness

question

thirsty

answer

when you are ________ you are already dehydrated

question

sodium, potassium

answer

two minerals that become depleted through sweating and urination

question

2 quarts

answer

how much water is lost each day through normal body functions?

question

1 cup, 20 minutes

answer

drink __ ____ of water for every ____ ______ while working in hot weather

question

water intoxification

answer

hyponatremia - results when people replace sweat loss with plain water instead of an enhanced fluid including electrolytes

question

at risk for heat illness

answer

obesity, chronic illness, alcoholics, elderly, infants, young children, outdoor laborers, certain medications

question

humid

answer

a ______ climate can significantly reduce evaporative cooling

question

vasoconstriction

answer

tightening of the blood vessels

question

exposed skin

answer

vasoconstriction occurs in the _______ __________ and can lead to cold injuries

question

shivering

answer

the body's main involuntary defence against the cold

question

conduction

answer

direct contact with a cold object

question

convection

answer

loss of heat from the body by air blowing over the skin

question

evaporation

answer

conversion of liquid on the skin to a vapor; accounts for 20% of heat loss

question

radiation

answer

primary method of heat loss; warm body gives off heat to cooler air

question

conduction, convection, evaporation, radiation

answer

4 mechanisms of loss of body heat

question

shivering

answer

produces heat by forcing the muscles to contract and relax rapidly

question

98.6

answer

normal body temperature

question

at risk for cold injury

answer

unfit, dehydration, very lean, elderly, alcohol use, caffeine use, nicotine use, inadequate nutrition, illness, injury, previous cold injury

question

altitude, water, wind

answer

3 conditions affecting cold

question

layering

answer

best method of clothing for outdoor activities

question

base layer

answer

clothing that removes perspiration from the skin

question

middle layer

answer

clothing that insulates against the cold

question

outer layer

answer

clothing that protects against wind and rain

question

head

answer

loses more body heat than any other body part

question

chilblain

answer

nonfreezing painful cold injury that includes tender, swollen skin, blisters, can worsen to an achy, prickly sensation

question

trench foot

answer

serious non-freezing cold injury that may develop when feet are exposed to moisture and cold for prolonged periods (12 hours or longer)

question

frostnip

answer

caused when water on the skin surface freezes; skin appears red and sometimes swollen

question

frostbite

answer

tissue is frozen and blood supply to tissue is obstructed

question

frostbite

answer

skin is white, waxy or grayish yellow; feels cold and numb; may be tingling, stinging, or aching sensations

question

1st degree frostbite

answer

affected part is warm, swollen, and tender

question

2nd degree frostbite

answer

blisters from minutes to hours after thawing and enlarge over several days

question

3rd degree frostbite

answer

blisters are small and contain reddish blue or purplish fluid

question

4th degree frostbite

answer

no blisters or swelling; the part remains numb, cold, and white to dark purple

question

frostbite care

answer

1. get the victim out of the cold and to a warm place 2. remove any wet clothing or constricting items 3. seek immediate medical care 4. if partially thawed, use warm water to rewarm rapidly 5. give aspirin (adults only) or ibuprofen 6. treat the victim as a "stretcher case"

question

cold, warm, wet, constricting, medical, water, ibuprofen, stretcher

answer

frostbite care: 1. get the victim out of the _______ and to a _______ place 2. remove any _______ clothing or _______ items 3. seek immediate _______ care 4. if partially thawed, use warm _______ to rewarm rapidly 5. give aspirin (adults only) or _______ 6. treat the victim as a "_______ case"

question

rewarm

answer

if there is a risk of refreezing, do NOT _______

question

hypothermia

answer

life-threatening condition in which the body's core temperature falls below 95 degrees

question

acute exposure

answer

cold exposure of 6 hours or less; also known as "immersion"

question

subacute exposure

answer

also known as "mountain or exhaustion exposure"; occurs when exposure is 6-24 hours and can be land or water based

question

chronic exposure

answer

also known as "urban exposure"; involves long-term cooling; generally occurs on land and exceeds 24 hours

question

mental status, shivering, abdomen, low

answer

recognizing hypothermia 1. change in ________ ________ 2. muscles will be ________ 3. cool ________ 4. ________ body core temperature

question

umbles

answer

grumbles, mumbles, fumbles, stumbles - signs of mild hypothermia

question

air, water

answer

when a person is surrounded by ________ or ________ cooler than the body temperature, the body loses heat

question

hypothermia

answer

life-threatening condition in which the body's core temperature falls below 95 degrees F.

question

dehydration

answer

occurs because of unperceived fluid loss combined with inadequate fluid

question

mild hypothermia

answer

uncontrollable shivering; confusion, sluggishness, cold skin even under clothing

question

severe hypothermia

answer

no shivering, muscles stiff and rigid, skin ice cold, appears to be dead

question

mild hypothermia

answer

treatment for ________ ________: 1. move victim to a warm place 2. prevent heat loss by -replacing wet clothing with dry -covering the victim's head 3. give warm, sugary beverages 4. do not add anything warm to the skin; let the shivering rewarm the body

question

severe hypothermia

answer

treatment for ________ ________: 1. move victim to a warm place 2. prevent heat loss by -replacing wet clothing with dry -covering the victim's head 3. do NOT rewarm unless in a very remote location 4. call 911

question

warm place, loss, wet, dry, head, rewarm, 911

answer

treatment for severe hypothermia 1. move victim to a ________ ________ 2. prevent heat ________ by -replacing ________ clothing with ________ -covering the victim's ________ 3. do NOT ________ unless in a very remote location 4. call ________

question

warm place, loss, wet, dry, head, beverages, skin, shivering

answer

treatment for mild hypothermia 1. move victim to a ________ ________ 2. prevent heat ________ by -replacing ________ clothing with ________ -covering the victim's ________ 3. give warm, sugary ________ 4. do not add anything warm to the ________ ; let the ________ rewarm the body

question

yes

answer

yes/no shivering is a signal that clothing and shelter are inadequate to protect the body form the cold

question

no, 50%

answer

yes/no up to 100% of the body's total heat production can be lost by radiation through a person's unprotected head

question

yes

answer

yes/no physically unfit people are more susceptible to cold injury

question

yes

answer

yes/no frostnip is caused when water on the skin surface freezes

question

yes

answer

yes/no shivering produces body heat

question

no

answer

yes/no rub a frostbitten part to rewarm it

question

no

answer

yes/no rewarm a hypothermic victim quickly in a hot show or with chemical heat packs

question

yes

answer

yes/no replace any wet clothing with dry clothing for a hypothermic victim

question

yes

answer

yes/no seek medical care for a severe hypothermic victim

question

no

answer

yes/no below-freezing temperatures are required for hypothermia to occur

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