question

4 primary goals of first aid

answer

keep victim alive, prevent condition from getting worse, promote early recovery, ensure victim receives appropriate medical care

question

Why is there a need for first aid training?

answer

heart disease most common cause of death, strokes, unintentional injuries

question

Deciding to help, common concerns

answer

not doing the right thing, someone else will provide better care, not sure it's an emergency, upset by blood or injury, catching a disease

question

How to stay prepared for emergencies

answer

know first aid, be confident, have first aid kit, know emergency numbers, teach children to call 9-1-1, make others aware of medical conditions

question

Describe the EMS system and different types of EMS professionals.

answer

dispatcher, emergency medical responders, EMTs/paramedics

question

Dispatcher

answer

receives call, gathers info., sends help

question

Emergency medical responders

answer

first to arrive and take over care

question

EMTs/paramedics

answer

give more advanced care and transport victim

question

Explain when to call 9-1-1 and what information to give the dispatcher

answer

victim may have life-threatening condition, unresponsive, condition may become life-threatening, moving victim could make condition worse, do not transport victim yourself

question

Call 9-1-1 if

answer

unresponsive or AMS, not breathing/difficulty breathing, chest pain/discomfort, severe bleeding, head or spine injury, poisoning/overdose, vomiting blood, seizures, severe burn, drowning, threatened suicide, imminent childbirth

question

Other reasons to call 9-1-1

answer

fire, explosion, vehicle crash, downed electrical wire, chemical spill, gas leak, unknown substance present, swiftly moving or rapidly rising water

question

Information to have when calling 9-1-1

answer

your name and phone number you are using, location and number of victims, what happened/special circumstances, condition, sex and approximate age, what is being done

question

Can you be sued?

answer

act only as you are trained to act, get victim's consent before giving first aid, do not move victim unnecessarily, call for help, give care until help arrives

question

Good Samaritan Laws protect you when

answer

acting in an emergency voluntarily w/o compensation, acting as a reasonable person with training would act, performing first aid only as trained, do not abandon victim after starting care

question

Must you give first aid?

answer

usually not as a bystander, may feel an ethical or moral obligation

question

Legal obligations

answer

if you start first aid you must continue, if first aid is included in your job, if you are responsible for a child

question

Implied consent

answer

unresponsive victim assumed to give consent, assumed for child if parent/guardian not present

question

Refusal of care

answer

competent adult has right to refuse care, call 9-1-1, keep talking but do not argue, ensure there is a witness to the refusal

question

3 conditions that may be negligent

answer

you have a duty to act, you breach that duty, your actions or inactions cause injury or damage

question

Justified instances of stopping care

answer

exhausted and unable to continue, being in imminent danger

question

Primary areas of the body

answer

cranial cavity, spinal column, thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, extremity

question

10 body systems

answer

respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, musculoskeletal, integumentary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, urinary, reproductive, lymphatic and immune

question

Body systems

answer

the organs that work together for a major function

question

Respiratory system

answer

move air in and out of lungs, inhaled oxygen moves into blood, CO2 from blood exhaled

question

Cardiovascular system

answer

transport blood to lungs, oxygen and nutrients to all parts of body, regulate body temp., maintain fluid balance

question

Nervous system

answer

gather info. about environment and send to brain to be analyzed and integrated, signals from brain lead to actions, maintain homeostasis

question

Musculoskeletal system

answer

body shape and support, protect vital organs, produce blood cells, store calcium, levers, movement, body heat, pumping action of heart and work of breathing

question

Integumentary system

answer

protects body, regulate body temp., prevent water loss, remove some waste, produce vit. D, sensation

question

Gastrointestinal system

answer

digestion

question

Endocrine system

answer

produce hormones

question

Urinary system

answer

blood transports waste to kidneys, kidneys filter and produce urine

question

Reproductive system

answer

eggs, support and nurture fetus, childbirth, lactation, male produce and transport sperm

question

Lymphatic and immune system

answer

defend against disease

question

A responsive victim

answer

speaking, coughing, moving, if paralyzed-eye movements

question

How to check for responsiveness

answer

tap on shoulder and shout "are you okay?"

question

Normal breathing

answer

can speak or cough

question

Gasping

answer

not normal breathing

question

Recovery position

answer

helps keep airway open, allows fluid to drain from mouth, prevents aspiration

question

How to put a victim into recovery position

answer

extend arm furthest from you above head, put other arm across chest, bend nearer leg at knee, put your forearm under their shoulder with your hand around the back of the neck, roll them away from you by pushing on flexed knee and lifting with forearm, position the hand palm-down with fingers under armpit and forearm flat on surface at 90 degrees to body, bend both legs for stabilization, check airway and open mouth

question

SAMPLE

answer

signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, previous problems, last food or drink, events

question

Physical examination of a responsive victim w/o life-threatening condition

answer

check head to toe for bleeding or open wounds, pain, swelling or deformity, skin color, temp., condition, abnormal sensation or movement

question

DOTS

answer

deformities, open injuries, tenderness, swelling

question

Check head and neck

answer

skull, eyes, ears, nose, breathing, mouth, neck

question

Check chest

answer

deformity, wounds, tenderness, bleeding, even breathing

question

Check abdomen

answer

tenderness, swelling, bleeding/bruising, rigidity

question

Check hips and pelvis

answer

pain, deformity

question

Check upper and lower extremities

answer

bleeding, deformity, pain, medical alert ID, normal movement, sensation, temperature

question

Examining a child or infant

answer

simple questions, involve parents, physical examination from toe to head, speak calmly and soothingly

question

Risk factors for CV disease

answer

increasing age, male gender, race, heredity, smoking, high cholesterol, high BP, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, stress

question

Preventing CV disease

answer

eliminating risk factors, tobacco, healthy diet, reduce cholesterol, control BP, regular exercise, manage stress

question

Basic life support for adults

answer

past puberty (over 8 for AED), 30 chest compressions (100/min.), then 2 breaths

question

Basic life support for children

answer

1-onset of puberty, breaths to nose and mouth for very small children

question

Basic life support for infants

answer

birth-1 year, breaths to nose and mouth, gentle breaths

question

Steps in the cardiac chain of survival

answer

call 9-1-1, start CPR with chest compressions, AED, effective advanced life support by emergency care professionals, integrated post-cardiac arrest care

question

When to call 9-1-1 before starting CPR

answer

any unresponsive adult who is not breathing normally

question

When to give 2 minutes of CPR before calling 9-1-1

answer

any infant or child who is unresponsive and not breathing normally

question

Procedures for giving CPR

answer

determine the victim is unresponsive and not breathing, expose the chest, give 30 chest compressions, open airway and give 2 breaths, continue cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths, continue until victim wakes up, AED, or EMTs take over

question

Steps in cardiac chain of survival

answer

early recognition, early CPR, early AED, early EMS, survival

question

Bleeding that is light red from a shallow cut or scrape is

answer

capillary bleeding

question

First step to act in an emergency

answer

survey the scene for safety

question

For whom would you give breaths mouth to nose and mouth?

answer

infants and small children

question

What should you do when breaths don't go in?

answer

reposition the head and try again, if it still doesn't work, resume compressions

question

The #1 way to prevent the spread of infections

answer

wash your hands

question

If you are alone and find an unresponsive child, what do you do first?

answer

call 911

question

If there are signs of internal bleeding, how would you care for this injury?

answer

call 911, help victim lie on his/her back

question

What is the next step after obtaining permission and putting gloves on?

answer

place a sterile dressing on the wound

question

After putting on gloves and sterile gauze, if the wound is bleeding severely, you should

answer

always start below the wound and wrap toward the heart

question

Correct depth of compressions for adults

answer

at least 2" (1/3 depth of chest)

question

Correct depth of compressions for child

answer

1 1/2 to 2"

question

Correct depth of compressions for an infant

answer

1 1/2"

question

External bleeding that is dark red and severe is

answer

arterial

question

Purpose of endocrine system

answer

produce hormones and regulate body function

question

The most important reason to put a victim in recovery position

answer

to prevent choking on vomit

question

The bladder and reproductive system are located in

answer

the pelvic cavity

question

What is the first step in the transmission of blood born pathogens?

answer

victim bleeds from a cut

question

Next step after determining an adult is not breathing normally

answer

put hand in correct position and begin CPR

question

If a victim is unresponsive, you may assume they want you to provide care. This is known as

answer

implied consent

question

Purpose of the integumentary system

answer

protects body, regulate body temp., prevent water loss, remove some waste, produce vit. D, sensation

question

As soon as an AED arrives at the scene, what is the first step you should take?

answer

place the unit by the victim's shoulder

question

AED pads are placed

answer

in the upper right and lower left parts of the chest

question

The heart and lungs are located in

answer

the thoracic cavity

question

3 ways to protect yourself from bloodborne pathogens

answer

wearing gloves, washing hands, using other personal protective equipment

question

Steps for using an AED

answer

place unit by victim's shoulder (away from water and metal), expose chest (shave as necessary), apply pads to chest, stand clear, follow prompts, stand clear when AED prompts to analyze rhythm again after 5 cycles of CPR, continue until victim wakes up or professionals take over, if victim begins breathing but unresponsive, put in recovery position

question

How AEDs work

answer

automatically checks victim's heart rhythm to detect fibrillation, advises whether victim needs a shock

question

Steps for adult or child responsive choking victim

answer

stand behind victim w/one leg between victim's legs and head to one side, make fist w/one hand-thumb side in to victim's abdomen just above navel, grasp fist w/other hand and thrust inward and upward until object expelled or unresponsive

question

For pregnant choking victim

answer

give chest thrusts

question

Steps for adult or child unresponsive choking victim

answer

start CPR with 30 chest compressions, open airway, give 2 rescue breaths, if it does not go in, reposition head and try again, if 2nd breath does not go in continue CPR with 30 chest compressions, look inside mouth when opening it to give breaths, remove visible object, continue CPR until victim recovers or professional takes over

question

If infant is crying or coughing

answer

watch for object to come out

question

If infant cannot cry or cough

answer

call 911, give alternating back blows and chest thrusts

question

If infant becomes unresponsive

answer

give CPR starting with chest compressions, check for object in mouth before giving rescue breath

question

Choking care for responsive infant

answer

give up to 5 back blows between shoulder blades, check for expelled object, roll infant face up, give up to 5 chest thrusts, check for expelled object, continue cycles of back blows and chest thrusts

question

Severe blood loss

answer

>30% results in lack of oxygen and shock

question

Body's control of bleeding

answer

vascular spasm constricts blood vessel, platelets form platelet plug, clotting seals leak in blood vessel

question

Injury to major vessel close to skin surface as in scalp and face

answer

may cause heavy bleeding

question

Bleeding from injured arteries

answer

more likely with deep injuries and generally more serious, blood is bright red and may spurt, needs to be controlled immediately

question

Bleeding from injured veins

answer

generally slower and steady but can be serious, blood is darker red and flows steadily, usually easier to control

question

Bleeding from capillaries

answer

oozes from shallow cuts or scrapes and often stops soon by itself, needs attention to prevent infection

question

Control of external bleeding

answer

first aid need immediately to stop bleeding, apply direct pressure on wound covered with sterile dressing, press directly with gloved hand or improvised barrier

question

Internal bleeding

answer

blood does not escape body, can be life threatening, consider mechanism of injury, may cause a bruise, can cause deeper organs to bleed severely

question

First aid for simple bruises

answer

check for fracture or sprain, put ice pack on area, with arm or leg, wrap area with elastic bandage and keep raised

question

First aid for internal bleeding

answer

have victim lie on back, call 911, be alert for vomiting, put in recovery position if vomits or unresponsive, keep from becoming chilled or overheated, if unresponsive monitor breathing and be ready to give CPR

question

Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding

answer

cool, clammy skin, vomiting or coughing up blood, tender, swollen, or hard abdomen, confusion or lightheadedness, blood in urine or stool, bruise

question

Types of shock

answer

hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, anaphylactic

question

Hypovolemic shock

answer

when blood volume drops

question

Cardiogenic shock

answer

with diminished heart function

question

Neurogenic shock

answer

with nervous system problems

question

Anaphylactic shock

answer

extreme allergic reaction

question

Compensatory shock

answer

1st stage, anxiety, restlessness, fear, increased breathing and heart rate

question

Decompensatory shock

answer

2nd stage, mental status deteriorates, breathing becomes rapid and shallow, rapid heartbeat, skin becomes pale or ashen and cool, nausea and thirst occur

question

Irreversible shock

answer

3rd stage, victim becomes unresponsive, respiratory and cardiac arrest

question

Causes of shock

answer

severe bleeding or burns, heart failure, heart attack, head or spinal injuries, severe allergic reactions, dehydration, electrocution, serious infections, extreme emotional reactions

question

Shock is caused by

answer

anything that significantly reduced blood flow

question

Normal tissue oxygenation

answer

heart must efficiently pump blood, blood volume sufficient to fill blood vessels, blood vessels intact and functioning normally

question

First aid for shock

answer

check for responsiveness, normal breathing and severe bleeding, care for life-threatening injuries first, call 911, have victim lie on back w/raised legs so feet are 6-12" above the ground, put breathing unresponsive victim in recovery position, loosen tight clothing, be alert for vomiting, maintain normal body temperature

question

Describe ways to prevent exposure to known allergens

answer

maintain history of medication reactions, wear medical alert ID, read product labels, avoid foods if exact ingredients unknown, educate caregivers and teachers, stay away from insect nesting areas

question

Describe first aid for anaphylaxis

answer

call 911, help victim use epinephrine auto injector, monitor breathing and be ready to give CPR, help victim sit up in position of easiest breathing, unresponsive in recovery position

question

Thoracic cavity

answer

heart and lungs

question

Abdominal cavity

answer

stomach, intestines, other organs

question

Diaphragm

answer

between thoracic and abdominal cavities

question

Pelvic cavity

answer

bladder and reproductive organs

question

Spinal column

answer

bones of the back and neck, nerves or spinal cord running through vertebrae

First Aid Exam 1 Ch. 1-9 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards