Finals- Chapters 1-9 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Organic Chemistry
answer
study of chemicals containing carbon
question
matter
answer
anything that has mass and occupies space
question
inorganic chemistry
answer
study of chemicals that do not contain carbon
question
biochemistry
answer
the study of processes taking place in organisms
question
analytical chemistry
answer
the area of study that focuses on the composition of matter
question
physical chemistry
answer
the area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes change
question
pure chemistry
answer
the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake
question
applied chemistry
answer
research that is directed toward a practical goal or application
question
biotechnology
answer
applies science to the production of biological products or processes
question
mass
answer
measure of the amount of matter
question
extensive property
answer
property that depends on the amount of matter in the sample
question
intensive property
answer
property that depends on the type of matter in the property, not the amount of matter
question
substance
answer
uniform and definite composition
question
vapor
answer
liquid or solid at room temp.
question
heterogeneous
answer
not uniform composition
question
homogeneous
answer
composition is uniform throughout
question
phase
answer
and part of composition with uniform composition or properties
question
distillation
answer
liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed into a liquid
question
element
answer
simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
question
chemical property
answer
the ability of a substance to undergo a specific change
question
precipitate
answer
a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
question
accuracy
answer
measure of how close a measurement comes to the true value of whatever is measured
question
precision
answer
a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
question
Error formula
answer
Error= experimental value - accepted value
question
Percent error formula
answer
(|Error|/accepted value)*100%
question
weight
answer
the force that measures the pull of a given mass by gravity
question
Kelvin Formula
answer
K= °C+273
question
Celcius Formula
answer
°C=K-273
question
Joule formula
answer
J= .2390 cal
question
Calorie formula
answer
cal =4.184 J
question
Conversion Factor
answer
A ratio of equivalent measurements
question
Dimensional Analysis
answer
a way to analyze and solve problems using the units of measurements
question
density formula
answer
density=mass/volume
question
scanning tunneling microscopes
answer
observe atoms
question
cathode ray
answer
created by j.j. thomson. stream of electron particles moving at a high speed
question
isotopes
answer
atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
question
Atomic Mass Unit
answer
1/12 the mass of a carbon atom
question
atomic mass
answer
weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occuring sample of an element
question
Percent Atomic Mass Formula
answer
(percent*mass)+(percent*mass)
question
weighted average mass formula
answer
(total number of protons in all atoms + total number of neutrons in all atoms)/number of atoms total
question
energy levels
answer
the fixed energy levels an electron can have
question
quantum
answer
the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another
question
quantum mechanical model
answer
determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus. made by Schrodinger
question
atomic orbital
answer
region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron
question
aufbau principle
answer
electrons occupy orbitals of the lowest energy first
question
pauli exclusion principle
answer
an atomic orbital may contain at most 2 electrons
question
Hund's rule
answer
electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number with the same spin direction as large as possible
question
amplitude
answer
a wave's height from zero to crest
question
wavelength
answer
distance between crests represented by lambda
question
frequency
answer
number of wave cycles to pass a given unit of time. represented by Nu, (v)
question
Hertz
answer
cycles per second
question
Electromagnetic waves
answer
radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x-rays, gamma rays
question
Spectrum
answer
when sunlight passes through a prism
question
atomic emission spectrum
answer
frequnecies of light emitted by an element that separate into discrete lines
question
ground state
answer
the lowest possible energy of an electron
question
photons
answer
light particles!
question
Heisenberg Uncertainty principle
answer
it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
question
metals
answer
high luster, good conductors, solid at room temperatures, ductile, malleable
question
nonmetals
answer
poor conductors, brittle
question
metalloid
answer
behaves like metals or nonmetals
question
alkali metals
answer
group 1A
question
Alkaline earth metals
answer
group 2A
question
halogens
answer
group 7A
question
Representative elements
answer
1A through 7A
question
transition metals
answer
group B
question
inner transition metals
answer
bottom section
question
atomic radius
answer
1/2 the distance between the nuclei of 2 atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined
question
ionization energy
answer
the energy required to move an electron from an atom
question
electronegativity
answer
the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atoms are in a compound
question
octet rule
answer
discovered by Lewis. in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas
question
cation
answer
positively charged
question
anion
answer
negatively charged
question
ionic compounds
answer
cations and anions
question
ionic bonds
answer
electrostatic forces that hold ions together
question
chemical formula
answer
the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance
question
formula unit
answer
lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
question
coordination number
answer
the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal
question
metallic bonds
answer
the attraction of free-floating valence electrons got the positively charged metal ions
question
alloys
answer
mixtures composed of 2 or more elements, at least one of them being a metal
question
unshared pair
answer
not bonding pair of electrons. causes molecules to bend
question
coordinate covalent bond
answer
covalent bond in which one atoms contributes both bonding electrons
question
polyatomic ion
answer
tightly bound groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge and behaves as a unit
question
bond dissociation energy
answer
energy required to break the bond between 2 covalently bonded atoms
question
resonance structure
answer
a structure that occurs when it is possible to write 2 or more valid electron dot formulas that have the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion.
question
VSEPR theory
answer
the repulsion between electron pairs causes molecular shapes to adjust so that the valence-electron pairs stay as far apart as possible.
question
nonpolar covalent bond
answer
bonding electrons are shared equally
question
dipole interactions
answer
polar molecules are attracted to one another
question
dispersion forces
answer
attraction because of motion of electrons
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New