question

Which of the following is most known for studying a child's thinking and cognitions and how they change over time? a) Erik Erikson b) Sigmund Freud c) Harry Harlow d) Jean Piaget

answer

d) Jean Piaget

question

According to Piaget,______ is the realization that objects continue to exist even when they can no longer be perceived:

answer

object permanence

question

If Lev Vygotsky were in the room talking about his theory, which of the following terms might you hear him say? a) ego integrity b) private speech c) difficult temperament d) preconventional level

answer

b) private speech

question

Of the following researchers, who would be most interested in moral development? a) Erik Erikson b) Lawrence Kohlberg c) Sigmund Freud d) Harry Harlow

answer

b) Lawrence Kohlberg

question

In which of the following stages of psychosocial development do toddlers learn to exert their independence? a) generativity vs. stagnation b) industry vs. inferiority c) identity vs. role confusion d) autonomy vs. shame and doubt

answer

d) autonomy vs. shame and doubt

question

The processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior define____

answer

motivation

question

States of tension or arousal that arise from biological need and are unlearned are called____

answer

primary drives

question

When individuals engage in a particular behavior because they find it pleasurable in and of itself, they are said to be______

answer

intrinsically motivated

question

______ results when the desire to engage in a particular behavior is to gain some reward or to avoid some undesirable consequence.

answer

extrinsic motivation

question

A stimulus from the environment that motivates a behavior is called______

answer

an incentive

question

The physiological and psychological response to a condition that threatens or challenges a person and requires some form of adaptation or adjustment defines____

answer

stress

question

A______is any stimulus or event capable of producing physical or emotional stress.

answer

stressor

question

The______ is Holmes and Rahe's measure of stress, which ranks forty-three life events from most to least stressful and assigns a point value to each.

answer

social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

question

Which of the following receives the highest score on the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)? a) death of a spouse b) change in residence c) getting fired from work d) jail term

answer

a) death of a spouse

question

_____is a prolonged and severe stress reaction to a catastrophic event.

answer

posttraumatic stress disorder

question

Everyday______, studied extensively by Richard Lazarus, are irritating demands that occur daily and may cause more stress than major life changes do.

answer

hassles

question

According to Lazarus,_____ may neutralize the effects of many everyday stressors.

answer

uplifts

question

The_____conflict tends to occur when an individual must make a decision based on two undesirable options.

answer

avoidance-avoidance

question

When a decision a person is trying to make contains both desirable and undesirable features, the____ conflict occurs.

answer

approach-avoidance

question

Which of the following researchers is known for his/her work on the topic of stress and the workplace? a) Seligman b) Lazarus c) Albrecht d) Kobasa

answer

c) Albrecht

question

______consists of a person's characteristics patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

answer

personality

question

Which of the following theorists argued that unconscious forces were the main focus of personality? a) Abraham Maslow b) Raymond Cattell c) Sigmund Freud d) B. F. Skinner

answer

c) Sigmund Freud

question

According to Freud, the thoughts, feelings, sensations, or memories of which a person is aware at any given moment define____.

answer

conscious

question

The unconscious system of the personality, which contains the life and death instincts and operates on the pleasure principle, defines the______.

answer

id

question

Strategies used by the ego to help reduce the anxiety caused by too much conflict between the id and superego are called_____.

answer

defense mechanisms

question

Which of the following defense mechanisms involves substituting a less-threatening object or person for the original object of a sexual or aggressive impulse? a) displacement b) projection c) rationalization d) sublimation

answer

a) displacement

question

The notions of archetypes, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious are the work of______.

answer

Carl Jung

question

Alfred Adler's theory is called____because of its emphasis on the uniqueness of the person.

answer

individual psychology

question

Which of the following pairings is correct? a) Carl Rogers - conditions of worth b) Karen Horney - archetypes c) Albert Bandura - collective unconscious d) Gordon Allport - individual psychology

answer

a) Carl Rogers - conditions of worth

question

Developing one's fullest potential is the goal of_____.

answer

self actualization

question

Behaviors may be classified as abnormal if they_____.

answer

cause emotional distress

question

In determining if a behavior is abnormal, a person's______should be considered because they vary in what is considered abnormal.

answer

culture

question

When describing abnormal behavior, mental health professionals do not use the term_____, which is a_______term related to responsibility for one's actions.

answer

insane; legal

question

The diagnostic system for describing and classifying psychological disorders that is used by mental health professionals in the United States and much of the world is commonly known as the______, which stands for______.

answer

DSM; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

question

The category of mental disorder with the highest prevalence is_______disorders.

answer

anxiety

question

_______attempt to uncover repressed childhood experiences that are thought to explain a patient's current difficulties.

answer

psychodynamic therapies

question

Jaycee attends therapy once per week. Her therapist instructs her to say whatever comes to mind without censoring it, and stresses the importance of this instruction. Jaycess's therapist is utilizing_______.

answer

free association

question

________refers to the strong emotional reaction a patient has to the psychoanalyst, which demonstrates how the patient acts toward significant individuals in his/her life.

answer

transference

question

Which of the following is a basic assumption of humanistic therapies? a) Individuals have learned maladaptive behavior through various forms of conditioning. b) People need to be directed in therapy in order for it to be fully effective. c) Childhood experiences, especially traumas, greatly impact psychological development. d) People have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices.

answer

d) People have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices

question

The goal of gestalt therapy is to_____.

answer

help clients achieve a more integrated self and become more self-accepting and authentic

question

Which of the following topics would NOT be considered of interest in the field of social psychology? a) obedience b) conformity c) psychological disorders and treatment d) compliance

answer

c) psychological disorders and treatment

question

Which of the following topics would be most interesting to a social psychologist? a) the neurobiological cause of schizophrenia b) why some people perform better when in front of an audience c) the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder after the September 11, 2001 attacks d) how to best counsel a teenager who has a substance abuse problem

answer

b) why some people perform better when in front of an audience

question

______is the process of making inferences about the causes of human behavior.

answer

attribution

question

The mental process of developing opinions about other people defines______.

answer

impression formation

question

_____is the tendency for an overall impression of another to be influenced more by the first information that is received about that person than by information that comes later.

answer

the primacy effect

question

The______is attributing a behavior to some external cause or factor operating within the situation.

answer

situational attribution

question

We tend to like people who also like us - or who believe like us - a phenomenon called_______.

answer

reciprocity

question

_______is the tendency to assume that a person has a generally positive or negative traits as a result of observing one major positive or negative trait.

answer

the halo effect

question

The notion that people tend to have lovers or spouses who are similar to themselves in physical attractiveness and other assets defines the_____.

answer

matching hypothesis

question

_______proposed the triangular theory of love.

answer

Robert Sternberg

Final Exam 2 Review – General Psychology

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