final! – Chemistry – Flashcards

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hydrogen bonds are
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weak

between electro negative atoms and hydrogens bonded to O, N, or F 

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hydrogen bonds cause
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water's high surface tension, low vapor pressure, high specific heat capacity, high heat capacity, and a high boiling point
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thingers with two
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BrINClHOF
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heat of vaporization
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amount of energy it takes to vaporize 1 g of something
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ice
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honey comb structure
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heat of fusion
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amount of energy needed to freeze one g of something
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water absorbs
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a lot of shit
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solvent
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what shit is disolved in
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solute
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shit that's disolved
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solvation
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when stuff dissolves

Things split apart 

some ionic compounds won't split because the attractions between the ions is too strong;

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electrolyte
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when dissolved in water or melted, it conducts electricity
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nonelectrolytes
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most organic compounds
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weak electrolytes
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organic acids and bases

HgCL2;

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strong electrolyte
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inorganic acids and bases

NaOH;

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gas in liquid colloid
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whipped cream
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gas in solid colloid
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marshmellow
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liquid in liquid colloid
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emulsion

mayonaise;

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liquid in gas colloid

arisol;

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fog
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solid in gas colloid
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smoke
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solid in liquid
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blood
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solution characterisics
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particles, small, .1-1nm, ions, atoms, etc

no scattering of light

does not separate

nonfilterable

homogenous

;

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colloid characteristics
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large molecules or particles

1-100 nm

tyndall effect

doesn't separate

non-filterable

borderline homo/hetero (bi) 

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suspension characteristics
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large particles or aggregates

100 nm or larger

gives tundal effect

separates

filterable

heterogeneous 

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water of hydration
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water in a crystal

salt-dot-number of water-water

CuSO4 dot 5 H2O 

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hygroscopic
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pulls water out of the air 

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deliquesensts
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pull so much water out of the air that they form solutions
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things that affect how fast shit dissolves
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agitation, tempurature, size of particles
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saturated solution
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solution with the maximum amount of solute in it at a given tempurature
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soluability
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how much solute it takes to hit saturation
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miscible
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when two liquids can mix into eachother
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Henry's Law
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the solubility of a gas (S) is direcrtly proportional to the pressure of gas above the liquid (P)

;

s1/p1=s2/p2;

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supersaturated
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when a solution has more solute than it should
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dilute concentration
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not much solute
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concentrated solution
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a lot of solute
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Molarity
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# of moles in 1 L of solution
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making a dilution
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trying to turn a solution less concentrated

M1xV1=M2xV2;

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percent by volume
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volume of solute/volume of solutionx100%
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percent mass/volume
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mass solute(g)/solution volume (ml) x 100
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colligative properties
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lowwer vapor pressure, higher boiling point, lowwer freezng point
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boiling point elevation
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difference between the boiling point of a solution and a pure solvent
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freezing point depression
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difference between freezing temp of solution and pure solvent
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Molality
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little m

moles solute/kg solvent;

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mole fraction
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mols solute/both solute and solvent
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delta tb
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change in boiling temp
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m in delta tb=mkb
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molar concentration of solution
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collision theory
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reactions happen when things hit each other hard enough and at the right angle
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activation energy
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minimum energy particles must have to react
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activated complex
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top of the energy curve
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things that affect reaction rates
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temp, concentration, particle size, catalist
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inibitor
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something which interferes with the work of a catalyst
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chemical equilibrium
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when the forward and reverse reactions are going at the same rate
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when pressure changes
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it goes to the side with more moles of gas

(I may die later);

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le chatelier's principle
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when you put stress on a system (more reactants) it'll it'll move
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free energy
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energy avalible to do work
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spontaneous
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an equation that naturally favors reactants
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exergonic
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spontaneous
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entropy
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disorder
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law of disorder
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shit gets more disordered
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keq
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keq=([c]^cx[d]^d)/([a]^ax[b]^b)
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keq<1
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reactant favored
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keq>1
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products favored
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spontinaity calc
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spontinaity prod-spontinaity reac

if more than one whatevs, times 

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gibb's free energy
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delta g=deltah-tdeltas
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order of rate law
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add exponents
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