final! – Chemistry – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers| hydrogen bonds are |
weak between electro negative atoms and hydrogens bonded to O, N, or F |
| hydrogen bonds cause |
| water's high surface tension, low vapor pressure, high specific heat capacity, high heat capacity, and a high boiling point |
| thingers with two |
| BrINClHOF |
| heat of vaporization |
| amount of energy it takes to vaporize 1 g of something |
| ice |
| honey comb structure |
| heat of fusion |
| amount of energy needed to freeze one g of something |
| water absorbs |
| a lot of shit |
| solvent |
| what shit is disolved in |
| solute |
| shit that's disolved |
| solvation |
when stuff dissolves Things split apart some ionic compounds won't split because the attractions between the ions is too strong; |
| electrolyte |
| when dissolved in water or melted, it conducts electricity |
| nonelectrolytes |
| most organic compounds |
| weak electrolytes |
organic acids and bases HgCL2; |
| strong electrolyte |
inorganic acids and bases NaOH; |
| gas in liquid colloid |
| whipped cream |
| gas in solid colloid |
| marshmellow |
| liquid in liquid colloid |
emulsion mayonaise; |
liquid in gas colloid arisol; |
| fog |
| solid in gas colloid |
| smoke |
| solid in liquid |
| blood |
| solution characterisics |
particles, small, .1-1nm, ions, atoms, etc no scattering of light does not separate nonfilterable homogenous ; |
| colloid characteristics |
large molecules or particles 1-100 nm tyndall effect doesn't separate non-filterable borderline homo/hetero (bi) |
| suspension characteristics |
large particles or aggregates 100 nm or larger gives tundal effect separates filterable heterogeneous |
| water of hydration |
water in a crystal salt-dot-number of water-water CuSO4 dot 5 H2O |
| hygroscopic |
pulls water out of the air |
| deliquesensts |
| pull so much water out of the air that they form solutions |
| things that affect how fast shit dissolves |
| agitation, tempurature, size of particles |
| saturated solution |
| solution with the maximum amount of solute in it at a given tempurature |
| soluability |
| how much solute it takes to hit saturation |
| miscible |
| when two liquids can mix into eachother |
| Henry's Law |
the solubility of a gas (S) is direcrtly proportional to the pressure of gas above the liquid (P) ; s1/p1=s2/p2; |
| supersaturated |
| when a solution has more solute than it should |
| dilute concentration |
| not much solute |
| concentrated solution |
| a lot of solute |
| Molarity |
| # of moles in 1 L of solution |
| making a dilution |
trying to turn a solution less concentrated M1xV1=M2xV2; |
| percent by volume |
| volume of solute/volume of solutionx100% |
| percent mass/volume |
| mass solute(g)/solution volume (ml) x 100 |
| colligative properties |
| lowwer vapor pressure, higher boiling point, lowwer freezng point |
| boiling point elevation |
| difference between the boiling point of a solution and a pure solvent |
| freezing point depression |
| difference between freezing temp of solution and pure solvent |
| Molality |
little m moles solute/kg solvent; |
| mole fraction |
| mols solute/both solute and solvent |
| delta tb |
| change in boiling temp |
| m in delta tb=mkb |
| molar concentration of solution |
| collision theory |
| reactions happen when things hit each other hard enough and at the right angle |
| activation energy |
| minimum energy particles must have to react |
| activated complex |
| top of the energy curve |
| things that affect reaction rates |
| temp, concentration, particle size, catalist |
| inibitor |
| something which interferes with the work of a catalyst |
| chemical equilibrium |
| when the forward and reverse reactions are going at the same rate |
| when pressure changes |
it goes to the side with more moles of gas (I may die later); |
| le chatelier's principle |
| when you put stress on a system (more reactants) it'll it'll move |
| free energy |
| energy avalible to do work |
| spontaneous |
| an equation that naturally favors reactants |
| exergonic |
| spontaneous |
| entropy |
| disorder |
| law of disorder |
| shit gets more disordered |
| keq |
| keq=([c]^cx[d]^d)/([a]^ax[b]^b) |
| keq<1 |
| reactant favored |
| keq>1 |
| products favored |
| spontinaity calc |
spontinaity prod-spontinaity reac if more than one whatevs, times |
| gibb's free energy |
| delta g=deltah-tdeltas |
| order of rate law |
| add exponents |
