Festival 8 – Flashcards

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) normally have a(n) __________ relationship. antagonistic synergistic mutualistic disruptive

Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division. True False

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers. True False

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________. inferior colliculus lateral horn of the spinal cord hypothalamus lateral geniculate of the thalamus

For which of the following activities is the parasympathetic nervous system generally responsible? fight-or-flight responses vigorous physical activity resting and digesting sweating and dilating pupils

Beta-blockers ________. have widespread sympathetic effects are potent antidepressants increase a dangerously low heart rate decrease heart rate and blood pressure

Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system? smooth muscle cardiac muscle most glands skeletal muscle

The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only. True False

Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? reticular formation brain stem hypothalamus frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division. True False

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems. True False

Through direct neural stimulation, the sympathetic division promotes many metabolic effects via hormone release. True False

Autonomic reflex centers occur in the spinal cord, medulla, and midbrain. True False

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________. parasympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system cerebrum sympathetic nervous system

Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic. True False

Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings. True False

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________. parasympathetic division somatic division peripheral nervous system sympathetic division

Which autonomic neurons release norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter? parasympathetic postganglionic neurons sympathetic preganglionic neurons sympathetic postganglionic neurons parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

Conduction through the autonomic efferent chain is faster than conduction in the somatic motor system. True False

What is the effect of norepinephrine on the heart? a decrease in stroke volume an increase in heart rate a decrease in heart rate Norepinephrine does not affect the heart.

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________. hypothalamus cerebellum medulla thalamus

All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. True False

Which of the following is NOT associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? energy conservation emergency action digesting resting

The sympathetic division is also called the "thoracolumbar division" of the autonomic nervous system. True False

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected. True False

Which of the following does not describe the ANS? A) a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells B) general visceral motor system C) involuntary nervous system D) a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

The two types of receptors that bind acetylcholine are __________ and __________ receptors. nicotinic; caffeinic nicotinic; muscarinic caffeinic; muscarinic alpha; beta

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________. A) preganglionic fibers are short B) preganglionic fibers are long C) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow D) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________. A) constriction of most blood vessels B) increase of heart rate and force C) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

What differentiates an autonomic reflex from a somatic reflex? presence of a sensory receptor an integration center a single sensory neuron in the sensory pathway a two-neuron motor pathway

Which of the following is NOT an autonomic nervous system (ANS) effector? glands cardiac muscle smooth muscle skeletal muscle