question

What does your text suggest is the most significant physical development of middle childhood?

answer

fine motor movement

question

Discuss girls' and boys' physical development during middle childhood

answer

girls: more fat, taller, uncoordinated, fine motor skills boys: more muscle, faster, stronger, less fine motor skills

question

Which areas of the brain undergo major growth spurts during middle childhood?

answer

sensory and motor area frontal lobe of superior cortex

question

The attention span of the average fourth-grader is much longer than that of the average first grader. Which biological changes is primarily responsible for this?

answer

mylinization of frontal lobe

question

What are an improvements in cognitive function as a result of brain growth and development in middle childhood?

answer

selective attention

question

In which part(s) of the brain are the sensory, motor, and intellectual functions linked together?

answer

nerve associative areas

question

You are a nurse who is asked to place an IV in a patient's non-dominant arm. What ability allows you to tell where the IV should be placed?

answer

right and left orientation

question

Which abilities would be particularly important to a basketball player?

answer

spatial cognition

question

Bicycle accidents account for about ____ of all cases of traumatic brain injury

answer

25; a qarter

question

What poses the most significant health risks among school-aged children?

answer

accidents and weight gain

question

Laws requiring bicyclists to wear helmets are estimated to reduce death rates due to bicycle accidents by as much as

answer

50%

question

According to your textbook, almost 1 in ___ children between the ages of 6 and 11 are obese

answer

5

question

Children whose BMIs are between the 85th and 95th percentiles are classified as

answer

overweight

question

Elevated cholesterol or high blood pressure among children is most closely associated with

answer

obesity

question

Public health officials believe that the current levels of obesity among children and adults in the United States can be attributed to

answer

decrease in physical activity and increase in high calorie food

question

Between the ages of 6 and 12, children add roughly how many words per year to their vocabulary?

answer

5-10 thousand

question

Around what age are most children fully capable of engaging in fluent conversation with speakers of any age?

answer

9 years

question

Concrete operations permit children to understand _____________________________ among objects

answer

relationship

question

Gabbie is trying to decide what to wear today. It is going to be raining this morning but should be clearing off later. In addition, Gabbie knows that she has riding lessons after school, so she needs to take that into account when she chooses her clothes. On top of that, today is the pep rally, meaning Gabbie is expected to wear her school colors. In order to select an appropriate outfit without assistance, Gabbie must be capable of

answer

decentration

question

Why would a group of preoperational children find magic tricks uninteresting?

answer

don't understand the natural laws

question

Give an example of what Piaget termed concrete operations

answer

reversibility

question

A child who understands conservation of mass or volume would, of necessity, also understand

answer

reversibility

question

Define inductive logic

answer

general principles are inferred from specific experiences (ability to use experience to create a principle)

question

Give an example of a child's use of inductive logic

answer

if a toy was added to a group of toys, the child will know that adding always means more

question

Define deductive logic

answer

based on hypothetical premises, that requires predicting a specific outcome from a general principle

question

Anthony knows that not everyone goes to college, and that those who do are not guaranteed to graduate. From this, he decided that college is probably difficult as well as time consuming. What type of logic did Anthony use to draw these conclusions?

answer

deductive logic

question

Give an example of a child's use of deductive logic

answer

when you ask a child what he would do if he were president of the US, and the child answers what he thinks he will do.

question

If Doreen understands class inclusion, then she understand

answer

bananas are fruits and fruits are fruits

question

Siegler suggests that children's cognitive development occurs with

answer

any rules based on experiences

question

In Robert Siegler's research on problem solving, children who use Rule I

answer

do not develop a complete solution for a problem

question

What is the key contrast between Piaget's and Siegler's views on children's cognitive development?

answer

specific experience on given set of material, not age

question

The information-processing perspective to understand children's cognitive development: How does the efficient use of _____________________ memory capacity change with age?

answer

short term; increases steadily

question

According to most theorists the basis of children's cognitive development __________ in processing efficiency with age.

answer

increase; becomes faster

question

Which terms do developmentalists use to refer to the ability to make efficient use of short-term memory capacity?

answer

processing efficiency

question

In support of the hypothesis that improved processing efficiency accounts for cognitive development, researchers have found that children's thinking and response time

answer

faster with age

question

When the teacher asked, "How many inches are there in a mile?" Carmen answered without having to pause to compute the number of inches in a foot. Carmen's skill is an example of which cognitive ability?

answer

automaticity

question

What is the terms applies to thinking about how to think?

answer

metacognition

question

A child who can tell you what study methods work best for different subjects or what subjects are hardest for her to learn would be displaying which skills?

answer

metacognition

question

To help himself remember the colors of the visible spectrum, Cam said, "ROY G BIV," where each color is represented by a letter. This is an example of the use of

answer

mnemonics

question

To help herself remember the items she was to get from the market, Anna repeated the five-item list over and over under her breath. This is an example of which information-processing strategy?

answer

rehearsal

question

List and describe the information processing strategies described in your text?

answer

rehearsal, organization, elaboration, mnemonics, systematic searching

question

According to your textbook, 3- and 4-year-olds are able to use scanning and systematic searching to do which activities?

answer

search for object (color for room in paint store)

question

A child's capacity for creativity depend on

answer

amount of knowledge they have on a certain topic

question

Memory skills, metacognitive abilities, and problem solving strategies are all part of

answer

executive processes

question

A skill that is especially related to learning to read well in middle childhood is

answer

phonological awareness

question

During the middle childhood years, the main focus of education is on

answer

ability to read and write

question

Mr. Henry likes to challenge his third-graders in their reading skills. He uses books that are just slightly above their current level. When a student is struggling with a word, Mr. Henry takes the opportunity to teach the child a new strategy for learning and speaking the word. Which approach to reading is Mr. Henry using?

answer

balance approach

question

Reading researchers have found that poor readers tend to have the most difficulty with

answer

sound letter combination

question

In 2009, there were just over _____________ English language learner school children in the U.S.

answer

11 million (11,000,000)

question

Phoebe came to the United States from Puerto Rico. She speaks very little English but is in a special class that teaches her in both English and Spanish. Phoebe is in what type of program?

answer

bilingual education

question

Which terms applies to those school children who are non-English-speaking, whether immigrant or native-born?

answer

English language learner

question

Summarize the research regarding bilingual education

answer

higher achievement nonenglish children learners; impossible in most schools

question

What is an important component in helping ELL students perform well on achievement tests?

answer

transititon to English-only curriculum

question

When IQ tests are developed, the scores are determined by comparing individual students' scores to an overall average attained by giving the same test to large numbers of similar individuals. This process describes which strategies?

answer

standardized test

question

Which type of tests is designed to access specific information that is learned at school?

answer

achievement tests

question

In middle childhood, IQ tests may be used to

answer

group children with instructions

question

What is a distinguishing characteristic of culture-fair tests?

answer

minimize impact of verbal knowledge

question

Who is the theorist who proposed the idea of multiple intelligences?

answer

Howard Gardner

question

According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which types of intelligence represents the ability to understand oneself?

answer

interpersonal

question

Micah knows the difference between cedar and juniper trees. According to Gardner, what type of intelligence is Micah displaying?

answer

naturalist intelligence

question

What is the ability to use language effectively?

answer

linguistic intelligence

question

Which types of intelligence allows one to develop good social skills?

answer

interpersonal

question

Jennifer is very good at drawing and copying pictures. Which type of intelligence is Jennifer using?

answer

spacial

question

Robert Sternberg would say that a child who knows he is expected to shake hands with adults, but not necessarily his peers, has what type of intelligence?

answer

contextual intelligence

question

Sternberg's theory proposes three components of intelligence. What are they?

answer

contextual, experiential, confidential

question

Emotional intelligence has three components: awareness of personal emotions, appropriate emotional expression, and

answer

channeling emotions into pursuit of a goal

question

Which theorists is associated with intelligence measurement?

answer

Howard Garner

question

Describe the tendency to focus on the details of a task

answer

analytical learning style

question

When a child is focusing on the "big picture" rather than focusing on details, which style of learning is the child using?

answer

relational style

question

In the United States, we value achievement and success. This is evident in things like the attention we pay to job promotions, fame, and grades in school. These things are all examples of what type of culture?

answer

individualistic

question

Summarize a basic educational difference when comparing students from the United States and Asia

answer

--US values creativity --Asia values conformaty (learn own math, no calculators)

question

A child who has difficulty mastering specific academic skills such as reading, but who has normal intelligence and no physical or sensory handicaps, might be categorized as having

answer

learning disability

question

According to your textbook, what is the most frequent reason parents cite when they choose to homeschool their children?

answer

school environment, religious training, academic standards

question

A child who has academic and behavioral problems in school because he or she is more physically active and/or less attentive than peers may be classified as having

answer

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)

question

Logic and planning are abilities affected in middle childhood by further maturation of the

answer

cerebral cortex

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