Exam III – Chemistry – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| acids |
answer
| __ produce H+ ions in solutions |
question
| bases |
answer
| __ produce OH- ions in solutions |
question
| acids (called amino acids) |
answer
| the building blocks of proteins are __ |
question
| bases |
answer
| the molecules that carry the genetic code in DNA are __ |
question
| sour taste, the ability to dissolve many metals, the ability to turn blue litmus paper red, the ability to neutralize bases |
answer
| what are the general properties of acids? |
question
| hydrochloric acid |
answer
| you can find __ in most chemistry laboratories, it is used to clean metals, to prepare and process some foods, and to refine metal ores. it is also the main component of stomach acid |
question
| HCl acid |
answer
| hydrochloric acid = |
question
| H2SO4 acid |
answer
| sulfuric acid = |
question
| HNO3 acid |
answer
| nitric acid = |
question
| HC2H3O2 OR CH3COOH acid |
answer
| Acetic acid = |
question
| H3C6H5O7 acid |
answer
| Citric acid = |
question
| H2CO3 acid |
answer
| Carbonic acid = |
question
| HF acid |
answer
| Hydrofluoric acid = |
question
| H3PO4 acid |
answer
| Phosphoric acid = |
question
| Hydrochloric acid (HCl) |
answer
| __ = metal cleaning, food preparation; ore refining; primary component of stomach acid |
question
| sulfuric acid (H2SO4) |
answer
| __ = fertilizer and explosives manufacturing; dye and glue production; automobile batteries; electroplating of copper |
question
| nitric acid (HNO3) |
answer
| __ = fertilizer and explosives manufacturing; dye and glue production |
question
| acetic acid (HC2H3O2 OR CH3COOH) |
answer
| __ = plastic and rubber manufacturing; food preservative; active component of vinegar |
question
| citric acid (H3C6H5O7) |
answer
| __ = present in citrus fruits such as lemons and limes; used to adjust pH in foods and beverages |
question
| carbonic acid (H2CO3) |
answer
| __ = found in carbonated beverages due to the reaction of carbon dioxide with water |
question
| hydrofluoric acid (HF) |
answer
| __ = metal cleaning; glass frosting and etching |
question
| phosphoric acid (H3PO4) |
answer
| __ = fertilizer manufacture; biological buffering; preservative in beverages |
question
| sulfuric acid (H2SO4) |
answer
| __ is produced in larger quantities than any other chemical |
question
| acetic acid (HC2H3O2) |
answer
| __ is produced in improperly stored wines |
question
| carboxylic acid |
answer
| acetic acid is a __ |
question
| carboxylic acid |
answer
| __ is an acid that contains H single bonded to O, which is single bonded to C, which is double bonded to O, and single bonded to something else (H-O-C=O, H-O-C-?) |
question
| living organisms |
answer
| carboxylic acids are often found in substances derived from __ |
question
| carboxylic |
answer
| citric acid and malic acid are examples of __ acids |
question
| H2C4H4O5 |
answer
| malic acid = |
question
| malic acid |
answer
| __ is found in apples, grapes, and wine |
question
| a bitter taste, a slippery feel, the ability to turn red litmus paper blue, the ability to neutralize acids |
answer
| what are the general properties of bases |
question
| NaOH base |
answer
| Sodium hydroxide = |
question
| KOH base |
answer
| potassium hydroxide = |
question
| NaHCO3 base |
answer
| Sodium bicarbonate = |
question
| Na2CO3 base |
answer
| sodium carbonate = |
question
| NH3 base |
answer
| ammonia = |
question
| Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) base |
answer
| __ = petroleum processing; soap and plastic manufacturing |
question
| potassium hydroxide(KOH) base |
answer
| __ = cotton processing; electroplating; soap production; batteries |
question
| sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) base |
answer
| __ = antacid; ingredient of baking soda; source of CO2 |
question
| Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) base |
answer
| __ = manufacture of glass and soap; general cleanser; water softener |
question
| ammonia (NH3) base |
answer
| __ = detergent; fertilizer and explosives manufacturing; synthetic fiber production |
question
| less this is because of their bitterness |
answer
| bases are __ common in foods than are acids |
question
| alkaloids |
answer
| our aversion to the taste of bases is probably an evolutionary adaptation to warn us against __ |
question
| alkaloids |
answer
| __ = organic bases found in plants that are often poisonous |
question
| base (*coffee is acidic overall, but bases present in coffee - such as caffeine - impart a bitter flavor) |
answer
| some foods, such as coffee and chocolate contain small amounts of __ |
question
| oils on the skin soap-like substances |
answer
| bases feel slippery because they react with __ to form __ |
question
| litmus paper |
answer
| in the lab __ is routinely used to test the basicity of solutions |
question
| arrhenius definition for an acid |
answer
| a substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions |
question
| arrhenius definition of a base |
answer
| a substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution |
question
| highly |
answer
| H+ ions are __ reactive |
question
| water molecule |
answer
| in aqueous solution, an H+ ion binds to a __ |
question
| hydronium ion |
answer
| the H3O+ ion is called the __ |
question
| hydronium ions (H3O+) H(H2O)_n^+ |
answer
| in water H+ ions always associate with H20 to form __ and other associated species with the general formula __ |
question
| dissociates |
answer
| __ = breaks apart into its component ions |
question
| water, neutralizing each other in the process |
answer
| under the arrhenius definition, acids and bases naturally combine to form __ |
question
| bronsted-lowry definition |
answer
| focuses on the transfer of H+ ions in an acid-base reaction. it focuses on the idea of a proton donor and a proton acceptor |
question
| bronsted-lowry definition of an acid |
answer
| proton (H+ ion) donor |
question
| bronsted-lowry definition of a base |
answer
| proton (H+ ion) acceptor |
question
| H3O+ (a hydronium ion) |
answer
| the bronsted-lowry definition clearly describes what happens to the H+ ion from an acid - it associates with a water molecule to form __ |
question
| produce OH- ions |
answer
| the bronsted-lowry definition also works well with bases (such as NH3) that do not inherently contain OH- ions but still __ in solution |
question
| together |
answer
| in the bronsted-lowry definitions, acids (proton donors) and bases (proton accpetors) always occur __ |
question
| acids bases |
answer
| according to the bronsted-lowry definition, some substances can act as __ or __ |
question
| amphoteric |
answer
| substances that can act as acids or bases are __ |
question
| conjugate acid-base pair |
answer
| NH4+ and NH3 are often reffered to as a __ |
question
| conjugate acid-base pair |
answer
| two substances related to each other by the transfer of a proton |
question
| conjugate acid |
answer
| any base to which a proton has been added |
question
| conjugate base |
answer
| any acid from which a proton has been removed |
question
| accepts |
answer
| a base __ a proton and becomes a conjugate acid |
question
| donates |
answer
| an acid __ a proton and becomes a conjugate base |
question
| electrolyte |
answer
| the strength of an __ is determined by the extent of its dissociation into its component ions in solution |
question
| strong electrolyte |
answer
| a __ completely dissociates into ions in solution |
question
| weak electrolyte |
answer
| a __ only partially dissociates into ions in solution |
question
| strong acid |
answer
| a __ completely ionizes in solutions |
question
| weak acid |
answer
| a __ only partially ionizes in solution |
question
| equilibrium |
answer
| the strength of an acid depends on the __ |
question
| strong - it completely ionizes |
answer
| if the equilibrium lies far to the right, the acid is __ |
question
| weak - only a small percentage of the acid molecules ionize |
answer
| if the equilibrium lies to the left, the acid is __ |
question
| continuous |
answer
| the range of acid strength is __ |
question
| pg 665 |
answer
