question

Of the following, which is NOT a socioeconomic reward of more education?

answer

higher unemployment (socioeconomic reward: higher status occupations, higher earnings, greater representation in competitive professions and fields)

question

Evidence suggests that one of the following statements about the relationship of education to health and life expectancy is FALSE. Which is it? a. more highly educated people are able to take their medicine on a prescribed schedule b. more highly educated people use seat belts c. more highly educated people who smoke are less likely to quit d. more highly educated people have better access to health information.

answer

more highly educated people who smoke are less likely to quit

question

In the social and behavioral fields, women earn the smallest share of degrees in which discipline?

answer

economics

question

What does socialization theory suggest about education?

answer

that education transmits knowledge, skills, and values that persist in adulthood and that employers believe increase productivity

question

For lower-class white males, educational attainment is ............ to occupation and income

answer

moderately related

question

....... refers to the practice of marrying individuals whose educational levels are similar to one's own

answer

Educational Homogamy

question

Prosperous and white children are .......... as poor or minority children to attend private schools.

answer

two times as likely

question

What is the national average, based on 2007 census data, spent per pupil in the US to educate elementary and secondary students?

answer

slightly more than $9,500

question

Which of the following life outcomes for Sylvia is more likely than the others because she failed to complete high school? a. get a college degree b. have a full-time job c. get married d. stay unmarried

answer

stay unmarried

question

There is ...... systematic research showing students learn better from digital systems that from teachers.

answer

no

question

What does allocation theory suggest about education?

answer

that education moves people along different routes that influence how much they earn

question

What is the most common reason that parents choose to home-school their children?

answer

to provide moral and religious instruction

question

How did US students rank in comparison with other students of the world on the international student assessment tests in 2009?

answer

better than average in reading and science worse than average in math

question

Where is tracking a particularly widespread practice?

answer

In large, diverse school system and in schools serving primarily lower-class students

question

Men with some high school education earn ....... than their female counterparts, while men with master's degrees earn ....... with similar education.

answer

62% more; 41% more

question

What do sociologists mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum of schools?

answer

unstated standards of behavior or teachers' expectations

question

Highly selective colleges and universities appear to be ...... total online instruction than less selective universities

answer

relying less on

question

What type of activity is possible with Web 1.0 technologies?

answer

Searching and reading

question

Knowing how to dress, act and present oneself at work and being able to work well with other people are examples of ...

answer

soft skills

question

What does human capital theory suggest about education?

answer

That people with more education are paid more because they are more productive

question

Of the following statements about the learning experience of high-track students, which is FALSE? a. high-track students spend less time away from the classroom on field trips b. high-track students are taught more vocabulary words c. high-track students receive better teachers and learning materials d. high-track students receive less direction and criticism

answer

high-track students spend less time away from the classroom on field trips

question

What do sociologists mean when they say that education serves a credentialing function?

answer

That education limits entry into some occupations and thus raises the rewards for people in them

question

Between 1975 and 2008, household debt for middle-class families .......

answer

soared

question

Criticism of the poverty line include all of the following except - it does no account for changes in the cost of living from state to state - it does not account for government assistance programs, such as food stamps -it does account for the taxes that people pay - it measures only relative poverty

answer

it measures only relative poverty

question

the concept of .......... is at the heart of the study of social stratification

answer

social inequality

question

The 2nd and 3rd richest people in the world in 2012 were americans

answer

bill gates and warren buffett

question

The dominant system of inequality prior to the advent of capitalism is known as

answer

feudalism

question

Compared with the wealthiest 10 percent of present-day americans, the wealthiest 10 percent of americans in the 1920s received ........ of national income

answer

a larger share

question

Why is it more relevant, from a sociological point of view, to assess family incomes by looking at the median instead of the mean?

answer

the gap between the richest individuals and everyone else has increased significantly

question

Psychologists agree that talent is something that people ...........

answer

can acquire

question

Who theorized that the critical divisions between classes were the result of the economic system?

answer

Karl Marx

question

Most people, before retirement age, get most or all of their income from ....

answer

their jobs

question

Defenders of inequality often point to ......... in their arguments against using legislation to make society more equal

answer

the former Soviet Union

question

In a meritocracy ......

answer

rewards are linked to personal ability

question

when did homelessness begin to grow into a serious problem in the US?

answer

1980s

question

The premise of the ............ is that billionaires, millionaires, and all those at the top of the income ladder are expected to pay more in taxes than minimum-wage employees

answer

progressive tax system

question

In hunting and gathering societies, the ............ also referred to as the medicine man, has special privileges

answer

shaman

question

The net financial assets include all of the following except a. savings b. investments c. convertible assets minus debts d. underground earnings

answer

underground earnings

question

Why is it difficult to get an accurate count on homeless people?

answer

Many homeless people temporily live with family and friends

question

Because there are no obvious ways of determining how much opportunity individuals really have, social scientists measure it indirectly by examining ........

answer

Social Mobility

question

Apple computer manufactures all iPads and iPhones in .....

answer

china

question

The top 1% of the world's population controls ......... percent of the entire world's wealth

answer

32

question

As a result of economic restructuring, average wages have ...... since the 1970s

answer

stagnated

question

Sociologists offer 2 competing explanations as to why people with more education reap larger socioeconomic rewards? what are they?

answer

socialization theory allocation theory

question

In the science fields, women earn larger percentages of bachelor's degrees in which 2 disciplines?

answer

biology chemistry

question

The growing use of digital technologies outside of school will .... in education and society

answer

likely magnify existing inequalities

question

Research on contemporary college and university students in the US shows that study less than ........ as students in the 1950s

answer

half as much

question

After the end of ww2, how did the government choose to regulate the flow of workers into the labor market and avoid high unemployment among former soldier?

answer

by issuing the GI bill

question

The educational experiences of American children, regardless of social class differences, ........

answer

are likely to be quite different

question

Research shows that ....... students complete online classes compare to face-to-face courses

answer

fewer

question

What skill is harder to learn online than the others?

answer

the skill to think critically

question

Based on 2007 census data, ......... spend the most and .......... spent the least per pupil to educate elementary and secondary students.

answer

New York; Utah

question

Women and men in the US are about equally likely to earn all the following degrees EXCEPT ....

answer

bachelor's degree

question

What is a false statement about the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)?

answer

NCLB rewards or punishes school districts, schools and teachers for the tested achievement of their students and prescribes consequences for students.

question

What percentage of US college students attends public nonprofit colleges and universities?

answer

75%

question

Besides learning skills and knowledge, schools serve 3 major purposes. What are they?

answer

economic future preparation socialization functions

question

The dominant system of inequality prior to the advent of capitalism is known as ...

answer

feudalism

question

The life expectancy at birth in Medieval England was about ... years

answer

30

question

..... have no rights of citizenship and are compelled to work for others

answer

serfs

question

The study of the distinctions among different social classes is called ...

answer

class analysis

question

... is a measure of the output per worker per hour

answer

productivity

question

The industrial revolution brought about rapid and sustained economic growth, allowing for societies as a whole to get richer and for ...

answer

vastly greater inequalities to emerge

question

Compared with the wealthiest 10% of present-day americans, the wealthiest 10% of americans in the 1920s received ...... of national income

answer

about the same share

question

Sociologists refer to societies in which individuals experience social mobility as ...

answer

open societies

question

Why is it more relevant, from a sociological point of vide, to assess family incomes by looking at the median instead of the mean?

answer

the gap between the richest individual and everyone else has increased significantly

question

Countries where disparities between the poor and the rich are small are called ....

answer

egalitarian culture

question

Sociologist refer to societies in which individuals experience social mobility as ...

answer

open

question

... has the fewest opportunities for social inequality to emerge

answer

hunting gathering

question

The bottom 30 percent of the worlds population controls less than ........ percent of the worlds wealth

answer

1%

question

SBTC is an acronym used for ....

answer

skill-biased technical change

question

The majority of minimum-wage employees are ....

answer

adults

question

.... refers to the receipt of money over a period of time, whereas .... refers at a given point in time

answer

income, wealth

question

The federal income tax was established permanently by the ..

answer

16th amendment

question

Comparative data indicate that, of the following countries, only ....... is not considered egalitarian

answer

United States (egalitarian- Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark)

question

In a perfect equal society, the income share of the wealthiest 1/10 of families would be equal to .... percent of the national income

answer

10%

question

Two billion of the world's poor live on less than .... a day

answer

2 dollars

question

..... is a designation of class that considers income, occupations, and salary.

answer

socioeconomic status

question

The concept of ..... is at the heart of the study of social stratification

answer

inequality

question

The feminization of poverty is a term used to describe ....

answer

families with single female parent who are much more likely to be poor

question

Among the following, which play a role in the sorting function of students into particular jobs?

answer

credentialism

question

True statement about less educated workers.

answer

More likely to do manual and routine work

question

How has marriage changed in recent decades?

answer

Women wait longer to marry

question

Differences in achievement test scores can be explained, in part, by the differences in courses that students take, especially in which 3 subjects?

answer

1. mathematics 2. science 3. foreign language

question

Educational systems around the world differ in 3 important ways: ...

answer

1. vary in access 2. vary in how they are controlled/financed 3. public vs private school

question

People with more education tend to live longer. This is true of ...

answer

Men, women, blacks and whites

question

The disparities in educational achievement between whites and asian americans, who tend to fare better, on average, than african americans, latino/a, and native american student .....

answer

disparities persisted over the last 30 years

question

The fact that people with comparable occupations and incomes participate more in civic and political life of their communities when they have more education is considered the .... view of education.

answer

socialization

question

The median family income in the US in 2009 was approximately ...

answer

60,088

question

Compared with other countries of the world, the Gini index for the US is about equal to the scores of ...

answer

Argentina, Iran, Nigeria

question

How much did workers in 2010 have to earn per hour to reach the poverty line for a family of 4, working 40 hours per week for 48 weeks a year?

answer

$11.62 dollars per hour

question

The larger the Gini index ...

answer

the more inequality

question

In marxist terms, the important distinction between classes was between the ...... and the .......

answer

bourgeoisie and proletariat

question

In determining wealth we are looking for:

answer

the total assets minus total outside liabilities

question

True or false. There is an income gap in every country between the rich and the poor.

answer

True

question

True or false: Wilkinson ran the percent's of life expectancy, math scores, homicide, obesity, social mobility and more: against average income and separately against the percent of income inequality. Wilkinson found that the higher the average income the worse the well being of a society.

answer

False, when you look at average income you find no correlation of any kind but when ran against the size of the income gap then you have the correlation which shows the higher the gap the worse the well being of your country will be.

question

True and False: According to Wilkinson's analysis of the UNICEF Index of child well being, the US is one of the worst of all other developed countries when it comes to child well being.

answer

True

question

If american's want to live the american dream they should go to Denmark: why?

answer

Denmark allows for individual success to determine mobility not father's income

question

Yes or No. According to Wilkinson's analysis, if the gap in income inequality is reduced, the rick or upper classes will experience no affect and in some case experience harmful affects; where the middle and lower classes will experience better well being in general.

answer

No- All social classes benefit from greater equality. If all can purchase and consume more than everybody wins.

question

Wilkinson suggest to achieve greater equality than several things stand out to make this occur. Which of the following did he not mention? a. increase the number of employee owned businesses b. stop tax avoidance or tax haven options c. address the gap, it does not matter how you shrink the gap, just shrink the gap. d. all societies should evolve toward a communist type of government and economic structure.

answer

all societies should evolve toward a communist type of government and economic structure

question

Which of the following do you think is the biggest reason a person is homeless?

answer

Cant make enough money to live in a house or apartment.

question

The number of persons in poverty in the US in 2012 was 46,500,000. Which group below do you think represents the largest group of those in poverty?

answer

People under the age of 18

question

Of all persons who are 18-64, and employed: what % would you guess is working but still are considered in poverty?

answer

19.5%

question

True or False. If a family makes under the poverty line they are eligible for cash assistance through welfare.

answer

False

question

True or False. If a family does receive welfare, then the amount cash provided will pull the family just above the poverty line in income

answer

False

question

True or False. Even if the TANF program doesn't provide for the majority of poor, there are other programs that make up for it

answer

False

question

True or False. Homelessness is more concentrated within cities or urban areas

answer

False

question

True or False. The average age of a homeless person is 9 years old

answer

True

question

True or False. Most homeless individuals do not have jobs.

answer

False

question

Where did america stand in Math, Science and Reading?

answer

35th, 27th, 23th

question

The key to reforming education is to:

answer

Background in management Background in education Reform at the top administration levels

question

True and False. More money equal better schools.

answer

False

question

According to Michelle Reno, we need what type of school?

answer

More effective schools

question

Who is more likely to be home-schooled?

answer

white school-age children

question

The disparity in educational achievement between whites and asian americans, who tend to fare better, on average, than african american, latino/a, and native american students ....

answer

has persisted over 30 years

question

Women have higher college completion rates in ...

answer

The United States

question

Unstated standards of behavior or teachers' expectations compromise all the following EXCEPT ...

answer

intellectual skills and content

question

For upper-class white males, social origin is ..... to occupation and income

answer

strongly related

question

Common competencies that sociologists have identifies as necessary for successful functioning in the 21st century include agility and adaptability. Of the following skills and capabilities, which is less likely to be associated with agility and adaptability than others?

answer

to listen effectively to discern meaning, knowledge, values, attitudes and intentions.

question

In the US how much funding for schools comes from the federal government?

answer

less than 10%

question

The gender gap in education favors girls over boys with respect to ...

answer

achievement and attainment

question

On the SAT reasoning test, why is the male sample of test-takers NOT readily comparable to the female sample?

answer

fewer males than females take the SAT reasoning test.

question

The US ....... the world in the amount of education its citizens receives.

answer

no longer leads

question

According to Forbes Magazine, in 2012, the richest individual in the world was ...

answer

Mexican

question

In the 1960s, the US gov launches the ....., a policy initiative to reduce poverty and racial inequality

answer

Great Society

question

The average income per person in the US by 2008 was about ..

answer

$31,000

question

Illegal or "underground" earnings from crime or from untaxed (undeclared) work or activity are ...

answer

considered as income

question

... is the study of social inequality and the distribution of goods, resources, and power.

answer

social stratification

question

in the US, the median family income is ... as the average family income.

answer

vastly below

question

Among the following, who is exhibiting a soft skill?

answer

Aaron, who is teaching others how to fill out a new timesheet at work

question

The educational experiences of American children, regardless of social class differences, ....

answer

are likely to be quite different.

question

The chapter discusses 3 implications associates with the use of digital technologies in education, EXCEPT..

answer

The use of digital technologies around the world

question

In a sociological context, SES is an abbreviation for ...

answer

socioeconomic status

question

Sociologists commonly assess educational attainment using all of the following measurements EXCEPT

answer

hours spend working at jobs

question

The proportion of employed workers who belonged to unions peaked in the ..... , when ..... of US workers belonged to a union

answer

1950s; one-third

question

The efficiency justification of inequality is associated with the idea that ...

answer

the possibility of disproportionate rewards motivates individuals to take risks

question

What of the following groups of people is NOT characerisitc of class?

answer

people with diverse attitudes and behaviors

question

On the Gini index, which measures income inequality, a score of 1 indicates ...

answer

complete inequality

question

Which of the following class schemes is NOT one of the five core classes identifies by Erikson and Goldthorpe?

answer

the creative vs. the noncreative

question

Because there are not obvious ways of determining how much opportunity individuals really have, social scientists measure it indirectly by examining....

answer

social mobility

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