Exam 5 – Flashcard
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The heart's ________ chambers work together to circulate blood throughout the body.
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four
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In which age group is CVD significantly more prevalent among men than among women?
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20 to 39 year olds
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What is the number one cause of death for women in the United States?
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Cardiovascular Disease
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The upper chambers of the heart are called the
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Atria
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Which vessels carry blood away from the heart, to other regions of the body?
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Arteries
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Which blood vessels permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products with body cells?
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Capillaries
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James was diagnosed with atherosclerosis, which is
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a buildup of plaque on the inner lining of an artery.
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Julie's grandmother has "thickening" of her arteries caused by fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances deposited in the blood vessels. What is the medical term for this?
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Atherosclerosis
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When atherosclerosis occurs in a limb, it is called
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peripheral artery disease.
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A number of conditions including atherosclerosis can lead to ischemia, which is
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reduced oxygen supply to a body part or organ.
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Ana is traveling overseas. Why is it advisable that she routinely moves and stretches her legs during her 10-hour flight?
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To prevent blood from pooling in her legs
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Damage to an area of the heart muscle caused by the lack of blood supply is called
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a heart attack
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Another name for a heart attack is
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myocardial infarction.
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What is the role of collateral circulation?
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It allows an affected heart muscle to cope with damage
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Common symptoms of a heart attack include all of the following except
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extreme hunger.
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Susan's aunt suffered from a cerebrovascular accident. What is the common name for this medical problem?
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Stroke
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The leading risk factor for stroke is
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Hypertension
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Many strokes are preceded days, weeks, or months earlier by
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transient ischemic attacks.
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When administering the 60-second test for a stroke, you should ask the person to
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smile; raise both arms; and repeat a simple sentence.
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Dominique felt a sudden numbness on the left side of her face, she had trouble walking, and she was unable to speak in any understandable fashion. Which of the following cardiovascular diseases is Dominique probably experiencing right now?
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A stroke
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Hypertension refers to
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a sustained high blood pressure.
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Systolic blood pressure refers to pressure applied to the walls of the arteries when
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the heart contracts.
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When the heart relaxes, the pressure on the arterial walls decreases. This is called the
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diastolic pressure
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Michelle's grandmother has high systolic blood pressure but normal diastolic blood pressure. What type of hypertension does she have?
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Isolated systolic
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For the average person, a healthy blood pressure is
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110/80
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Tim's grandfather takes nitroglycerin when he feels a crushing pain in his heart caused by ischemia. This pain is known as
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Angina pectoris.
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Sandra takes nitroglycerin tablets prescribed to treat her angina. What does this drug do to relieve the pain?
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It dilates the veins.
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Eric often complains of a racing heart, even though he is not exercising or anxious. What is the medical term for his condition?
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Tachycardia
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An arrhythmia is
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an irregular, inefficient heart rhythm.
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Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart
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is unable to maintain its pumping strength and adequate blood flow.
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If you have had heart pooling which enlarges the heart, fluid accumulation in the lungs, and reduction of blood circulation, you have most likely been diagnosed with
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Congestive heart failure.
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When a baby is born with a cardiovascular defect it is referred to as
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a congenital heart defect.
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What maternal diseases during pregnancy can cause a congenital heart defect?
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Rubella
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When Larry went for a physical exam, he had gained a great deal of weight; his waist measurement was 50 inches and his blood pressure was greatly elevated. The results of his blood work revealed elevated blood glucose and elevated cholesterol with an HDL of 20. Larry has an increased risk of CVD due to
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS).
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Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS)?
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Insulin resistance
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Zach eats a high-fat diet. His diet will not only raise his cholesterol levels, but research shows that a diet high in saturated fat and trans fats can also
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make the blood more viscous.
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Which of the following total cholesterol readings is within the desirable range?
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185 mg/dL
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The goal of managing cholesterol levels to reduce cardiovascular risks is
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raising HDL, but lowering LDL.
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How fat is distributed on the body contributes to the risk of heart disease. What body shape is considered a higher risk?
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Apple
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The ethnic group in the United States with the highest overall rate of heart disease is
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White
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Which of the following amino acids, when present in blood at high levels, is associated with CVD?
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Homocysteine
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What is the test that measures the electrical activity of the heart called?
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Electrocardiogram
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Diagnosis and treatment with thrombolysis for a blocked coronary artery may prevent or minimize damage if it is delivered
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within 1 to 3 hours after a heart attack.
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George is undergoing a medical procedure that produces three-dimensional images of the heart as blood flows through. This procedure is called
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positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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Coronary bypass surgery is performed to bypass a clogged coronary artery to
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transport blood to the heart tissue.
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Which of the following procedures to correct a blockage carries fewer risks than bypass surgery but has a higher rate of reoccurrence?
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Angioplasty
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Donna was diagnosed with cancer. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by
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uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
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John was told that the tumor in his brain is malignant. This means that the tumor is
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cancerous.
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Diabetes can result in weight loss because
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body cells can't use glucose so it is excreted.
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Different forms of the same gene are known as
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alleles.
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A complex acid molecule in the nucleus of a cell that stores all of the programming codes that the body uses is
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DNA
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When a cell prepares to divide, its DNA organizes into 46 distinct bundles called
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chromosomes.
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Which of the following is a risk factor for infection that you can control?
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Personal hygiene
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Barry, who has a really bad cold, coughs into his bare hand. He uses the same hand to grab the pole in the subway car to steady himself as the car goes around a tight corner. Several minutes later, Donny, who is perfectly healthy, grabs the same pole as Barry. Later that morning, Donny itches his eye with the hand that grabbed the pole. A day or two later, Donny has a really bad cold. If Donny got his cold from Barry, then you would say that the pathogen was transmitted by
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indirect contact.
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Which of the following is a common bacterial condition?
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Staphylococcal infections
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Gregor has been diagnosed with West Nile virus. Which of the following is most likely the way he contracted the disease?
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He was bitten by an infected mosquito.
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What percentage of antibiotic production today is used to treat sick animals living in crowded feedlots and to encourage growth in livestock and poultry?
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70%
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Rhonda developed a post-operative infection and was prescribed a course of antibiotics that was supposed to last 10 days. She felt so good after 6 days that she stopped taking the rest of her medicine. Is Rhonda contributing to the growing antibiotic resistance of many bacteria?
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Yes. By not finishing the complete course of antibiotics, she's made it possible for the surviving bacteria to build immunity to the drugs used to treat them.
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Why are some bacteria and microorganisms referred to as "superbugs"?
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They have become resistant to the drugs used at one time to treat them.
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When Terry and Kim have vaginal and/or oral sex, they use latex condoms and dental dams. On the continuum of risk for STIs, where do they fall?
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Moderate-risk behavior
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Bill, Kelly, and Lynn are sexually active (though not with each other). Bill has had 15 sexual partners, Kelly has had 11, and Lynn has had 6. Based solely on the number of sexual partners each has had, who is at a greater risk for contracting an STI?
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Bill
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If you contract an STI but do not seek treatment, which of the following are possible consequences?
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Sterility and blindness
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Mark uses a latex condom and a water-based lubricant when he has vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Kristy, on the other hand, engages in unprotected anal sex. Lisa prefers rubbing, kissing, and mutual masturbation. Based solely on their sexual behaviors, who is at a greater risk for contracting an STI?
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Kristy
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Sarah, who lives in the United States, has been infected with HIV. According to statistics from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), which of the following is the most likely source of her infection?
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High-risk heterosexual contact
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Todd, who lives in the United States, has been infected with HIV. According to statistics from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), which of the following is the most likely source of his infection?
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Male-to-male sexual contact
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Brian is concerned that he may have been exposed to HIV, so he has decided to go to the student health center for a blood test known as the ELISA. What does the ELISA measure?
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Whether or not antibodies have formed in reaction to HIV
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Peter is concerned that he may have contracted an STI because urination has become really painful. Which of the following statements is most likely true?
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Peter could have either chlamydia or gonorrhea.
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Anita is sexually active. She's not concerned about having contracted an STI because she has none of the symptoms (e.g., vaginal discharge or painful urination). Which of the following statements is most likely true?
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Anita could have either chlamydia or gonorrhea.
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Chris is pregnant and has chlamydia. She has not been treated for the chlamydia because she doesn't know she has it and is asymptomatic. Chris could pass the disease to her child during delivery, leading to which of the following conditions?
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Conjunctivitis
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Rob has a prominent chancre on his penis. Which stage of syphilis is this?
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Primary syphilis
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Sarah contracted syphilis in her early 20s, but it went untreated until she developed lesions called gummas. What stage of syphilis is this?
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Latent syphilis
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If Adrienne has genital herpes and is pregnant, which of the following is probably her best course of action for preventing her child from getting infected from her?
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Delivery by cesarean section
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Genital warts are caused by a group of viruses known as HPV. What does HPV stand for?
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Human papillomavirus
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The typical incubation period for genital HPV is 6 to 8 ________ after contact.
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weeks
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Donna has been diagnosed with a yeast infection. Which of the following is another name for the same disease?
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Candidiasis
