Europe’s Physical Features & Climate – Flashcards
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Human Development Index (HDI)
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Combines data on life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment, gender equity, and income
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glaciation
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process of glaciers forming and spreading
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loess
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fine, wind-blown soil good for agriculture
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chernozem
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rich, black top soil found in Northern European Plain (Ukraine ; Russia)good for agriculture ; high crop yields
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dike
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large bank of earth ; stone that holds back water from flooding land
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polder
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low-lying area from which sea water has been drained to create new farmland (reclaimed from flooding)
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fjord
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long, steep-sided inlet (glacier valley now filled with sea water) found in Scandinavian countries (Norway,Finland)
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permafrost
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permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of ground
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timberline
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point of elevation (line) above which trees do NOT grow due to extreme cold
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Strait of Gibraltar
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narrow water passage connecting two large bodies of water Atlantic Ocean ; Mediterranean Sea
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Iberian Peninsula [Southern Peninsula]
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*consists of Spain ; Portugal and separates Atlantic Ocean from Mediterranean Sea *plateau rises up to Pyrenees Mountains cutting off Peninsula from rest of Europe
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Italian Peninsula
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*consists of long, boot-like coastline extending into Mediterranean *Apennines runs along spine up to fertile Po valley
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Balkan Peninsula
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*mountain ranges ; valleys in southeastern Europe make travel difficult *surrounded by Aegean ; Black Seas, and, Adriatic ; Ionian Seas *stretches south from Danube River
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Jutland Peninsula
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*extends from Denmark into North Sea *western coast flat plains w/soil deposited by glaciers *eastern coast has fjords
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Scandinavian Peninsula
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*far northern in Norway, Sweden ; Denmark *Ice Age glaciation formed fjords on Atlantic coast *southern coast slopes to Baltic Sea
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Name 4 of Europe's Islands
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Great Britain, Iceland, Sicily, Iceland
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Describe the Northern European Plain
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*Highly populated area due to fertile soil and rich coal deposits so good for farming and manufacturing (started Industrial Revolution) *stretches from England up to Russia
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Name 2 of Europe's mountain ranges
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*Alps (runs from S. France to Balkans, has Mont Blanc highest peak in Alps) *Pyrenees (divides Iberian Peninsula from rest of Europe)
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Name 3 European rivers
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Rhine, Danube, Seine (are important for trading, transportation and create interdependence between European countries)
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Name 3 areas of Europe impacted by air and water pollution
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*Black Forest (air pollution) *Venice, Italy (water pollution) *Rhine, Danube, Seine Rivers (water pollution)
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Name 3 functions of Europe's mountain ranges
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*tourism *recreation *mineral resources
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Describe climate of Northern Europe
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Subarctic/Tundra - bitter cold winters ; cool short summers
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Describe climate of Eastern Europe
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Humid Continental - cold winters ; hot summers
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Describe climate of Western Europe
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Marine West Coast - mild winters ; cool summers
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Describe climate of Southern Europe
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Mediterranean - hot dry summers ; mild rainy winters
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Describe the North Atlantic Drift/Current
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Ocean current that carries warm maritime (sea) winds to western/southern coast of Europe-has warming effect on climate
